Intentional modulation of emotional responding to unpleasant pictures: An ERP study

Moser, Jason S.; Hajcak, Greg; Bukay, Emily; Simons, Robert F.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2006.00402.x

Cited by 347 publications

(341 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…We predicted a negative correlation between the LPP and behavioural congruency effects. Following findings from previous emotion regulation literature (Hajcak & Nieuwenkis, 2006;MacNamara, Foti, & Hajcak, 2009;Moser, Hajcak, Bukay, & Simons, 2006) we predicted a regulated response at the LPP would consist of a relatively small LPP amplitude for incongruent responses reflecting efficient emotion regulation. When this is compared to a more automatic larger amplitude for congruent responses we would get a larger LPP congruency effect the more regulated the incongruent response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crucially, the LPP is also found to be sensitive to the active regulation of emotional responses, where a reduction in LPP amplitude is observed following reappraisal (Hajcak & Nieuwenkis, 2006;MacNamara, Foti, & Hajcak, 2009), and suppression (Moser, Hajcak, Bukay, & Simons, 2006). The P3 and the LPP may index different aspects of emotional processing with the P3 and early LPP sensitive to intrinsic factors (whether the stimuli is emotional or neutral) and the late LPP more sensitive to extrinsic factors (one's interpretation or regulation of that stimuli; MacNamara, .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our predictions are based on the existing emotion regulation literature in the neural and the behavioural domains. On the neural level, LPP amplitudes are smaller for effectively regulated responses (Hajcak & Nieuwenkis, 2006;MacNamara, Foti, & Hajcak, 2009;Moser, Hajcak, Bukay, & Simons, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The late positive potential: A neural marker of the regulation of emotion-based approach-avoidance actions?

Bamford

Broyd

Benikos

et al. 2015

Biological Psychology

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The ability to regulate our emotional responses is crucial to effective functioning in daily life. Whilst there has been extensive study of the brain potentials related to valenced stimuli, the neural basis of the ability to regulate actions elicited by these remains to be clarified. To address this, 40 volunteers undertook an approachavoidance paradigm. In the congruent condition, participants approached pleasant and avoided unpleasant stimuli. In the incongruent condition, the opposite was the case, requiring the regulation of natural emotional response tendencies. Both behavioural and electrophysiological indices of emotional regulation were recorded. Congruency effects were observed at both the behavioural and electrophysiological level. Reaction times were faster and the LPP larger, when performing emotionally congruous relative to incongruous actions. Moreover, neural and behavioural effects were correlated. The current results suggest that the LPP congruency effect can be considered a neural marker of individual differences in emotion driven action tendencies. We discuss whether this reflects emotion regulation, effort allocation, or correct mapping of stimulus response tendencies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The late positive potential: A neural marker of the regulation of emotion-based approach-avoidance actions?

Bamford

Broyd

Benikos

et al. 2015

Biological Psychology

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“…Specifically, expressive inhibitory processing might be associated with enhanced P3 amplitudes in central-frontal regions [2830]; while the timing features of emotional responding is probably reflected by the LPP amplitudes varying as a function of regulation strategy [9,33,34]. Therefore, we predict that subjective experience of negative emotion is positively correlated with LPP amplitudes, and the self-reported levels of suppression should be positively related to central-frontal P3 amplitudes during expressive suppression.…”

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confidence: 97%

Suppression dampens unpleasant emotion faster than reappraisal: Neural dynamics in a Chinese sample

Yuan

Long

Ding

et al. 2014

Sci. China Life Sci.

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The timing dynamics of regulating negative emotion with expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal were investigated in a Chinese sample. Event-Related Potentials were recorded while subjects were required to view, suppress emotion expression to, or reappraise emotional pictures. The results showed a similar reduction in self-reported negative emotion during both strategies. Additionally, expressive suppression elicited larger amplitudes than reappraisal in central-frontal P3 component (340-480 ms). More importantly, the Late Positive Potential (LPP) amplitudes were decreased in each 200 ms of the 800-1600 ms time intervals during suppression vs. viewing conditions. In contrast, LPP amplitudes were similar for reappraisal and viewing conditions in all the time windows, except for the decreased amplitudes during reappraisal in the 1400-1600 ms. The LPP (but not P3) amplitudes were positively related to negative mood ratings, whereas the amplitudes of P3, rather than LPP, predict self-reported expressive suppression. These results suggest that expressive suppression decreases emotion responding more rapidly than reappraisal, at the cost of greater cognitive resource involvements in Chinese individuals. Event-related potentials, expressive suppression, unpleasant emotion, cognitive reappraisal Citation:Yuan JJ, Long QS, Ding NX, Lou YX, Liu YY, Yang JM. Event-related potentials, expressive suppression, unpleasant emotion, cognitive reappraisal. Sci China Life Sci, 2015, 58: 480 -491, doi: 10.1007 The ability to regulate unpleasant emotion is important for human life in the changing environments [13]. According to the time points in which a strategy has its primary impact in the emotion-generative process, Gross and coworkers distinguished between antecedent-focused and responsefocused strategies [4,5]. The former refers to strategies such as cognitive reappraisal, which requires interpreting emotion stimuli in a detached, emotion-irrelevant manner to modify emotion responses before they are fully blown. Conversely, the latter involves strategies that modulate emotional responses through modifying emotion-expressive behaviors, at the late stage of emotion activity. A typical example of response-focused strategy is expressive suppression [5,6]. Many studies revealed that cognitive reappraisal is effective in decreasing self-reported unpleasant emotion states, emotion-expressive behaviors and in reducing neural activity in the limbic brain system including amygdala and nucleus accumbens [4,79]. In contrast, it was reported that expressive inhibition was ineffective in decreasing the subjective experience of negative emotions such as anxiety [2,4,1012], while significantly increased peripheral physiological responding and limbic system activation [4,6,13]. In the early studies by Gross and colleagues, subjects who were presented with negative stimuli (e.g. films, pictures) received reappraisal, suppression or attending instructions. The results showed that reappraisal resulted in less negative experience, less...

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“…The instruction phrases "LOOK NEGATIVE" and "LOOK NEUTRAL" indicated that the participant should respond naturally to the presented negative and neutral images, respectively. We did not include a "REAPPRAISE NEUTRAL" instruction phrase for two main reasons: a) to be consistent with the majority of prior reappraisal research in which a reappraise-neutral condition was omitted (e.g., Hajcak & Nieuwenhuis, 2006;McRae et al, 2010;Paul, Simon, Kniesche, Kathmann, & Endrass, 2013;Thiruchselvam et al, 2011), and b) our experience in prior work (Krompinger et al, 2008;Moser et al, 2006Moser et al, , 2009Moser et al, , 2010 has been that it is difficult to design reappraisal instructions for regulating responses to emotionally neutral stimuli (e.g., coffee cups, baskets, office scenes) that subjects can understand and easily and reliably implement. After the instruction phrase was presented, a blank screen occupied the screen for 500 ms followed by a centrally presented white fixation cross lasting 500 ms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Neural markers of positive reappraisal and their associations with trait reappraisal and worry.

Moser¹,

Hartwig²,

Moran³

et al. 2014

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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103

135

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Positively reinterpreting negative experiences is important for psychological well-being and represents a key mechanism of cognitive-behavioral therapies for emotional problems. Yet, little is known about the neural mechanisms that underlie this process and how they relate to clinically relevant individual differences. Here we demonstrate using event-related potentials (ERPs) that positively reappraising distress-inducing images is associated with early increases in frontal control activity and later decreases in parietal arousal-related activity. Moreover, we show that people's chronic tendencies to reappraise versus worry modulate neural activity in opposing directions-trait reappraisal predicts decreases in parietal arousal-related activity during positive reappraisal implementation whereas worry predicts increases in the same waveform. These findings provide novel insights into the neural time course of positive reappraisal. They also speak to the potential clinical utility of neurophysiological measures as relatively inexpensive, noninvasive biomarkers that could serve as risk indicators and treatment mediators.

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Intentional modulation of emotional responding to unpleasant pictures: An ERP study

Cited by 347 publications

References 19 publications

The late positive potential: A neural marker of the regulation of emotion-based approach-avoidance actions?

The late positive potential: A neural marker of the regulation of emotion-based approach-avoidance actions?

Suppression dampens unpleasant emotion faster than reappraisal: Neural dynamics in a Chinese sample

Neural markers of positive reappraisal and their associations with trait reappraisal and worry.

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