Intentional burns in Nepal: A comparative study

Lama, Bir Bahadur; Duke, Janine M.; Sharma, Narayan P.; Thapa, Buland; Dahal, Peeyush; Bariya, Nara Devi; Marston, Wendy; Wallace, Hilary

doi:10.1016/j.burns.2015.01.006

“…A study showed that even though boys were more vulnerable to unintentional injuries across all ages, girls were more susceptible to fire related injuries [30]. Similar results as seen in this study were observed in various parts of India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Nepal [15,28,31,32]. Cultural and societal norms denote females as majorly responsible for preparing meals in kitchens, which makes them more susceptible to fire injuries.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Epidemiology of Burns in Rural Bangladesh: An Update

He

¹

,

Alonge

²

,

Agrawal

³

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Each year, approximately 265,000 deaths occur due to burns on a global scale. In Bangladesh, around 173,000 children under 18 sustain a burn injury. Since most epidemiological studies on burn injuries in low and middle-income countries are based on small-scale surveys or hospital records, this study aims to derive burn mortality and morbidity measures and risk factors at a population level in Bangladesh. A household survey was conducted in seven rural sub-districts of Bangladesh in 2013 to assess injury outcomes. Burn injuries were one of the external causes of injury. Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors were described using descriptive as well as univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The overall mortality and morbidity rates were 2 deaths and 528 injuries per 100,000 populations. Females had a higher burn rate. More than 50% of injuries were seen in adults 25 to 64 years of age. Most injuries occurred in the kitchen while preparing food. 88% of all burns occurred due to flame. Children 1 to 4 years of age were four times more likely to sustain burn injuries as compared to infants. Age-targeted interventions, awareness of first aid protocols, and improvement of acute care management would be potential leads to curb death and disability due to burn injuries.

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“…Flames and scalds were the most common cause of burns deaths and non-fatal injuries respectively. Similar results were seen in previous studies from Bangladesh and surrounding countries such as India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Nepal possibly due to the use of unsafe cooking stoves with open fire and lack of safe practice of fuels such as petroleum and butane across regions of South Asia [16,[23][24][25][26][27][28]. A study conducted in Bangladesh covering both urban and rural populations reported electrical burns to be the most common cause of burn injuries [29].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

166 Epidemiology of burns in rural Bangladesh: an update

He

¹

,

Alonge

²

,

Agrawal

³

et al. 2016

Inj Prev

0

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Each year, approximately 265,000 deaths occur due to burns on a global scale. In Bangladesh, around 173,000 children under 18 sustain a burn injury. Since most epidemiological studies on burn injuries in low and middle-income countries are based on small-scale surveys or hospital records, this study aims to derive burn mortality and morbidity measures and risk factors at a population level in Bangladesh. A household survey was conducted in seven rural sub-districts of Bangladesh in 2013 to assess injury outcomes. Burn injuries were one of the external causes of injury. Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors were described using descriptive as well as univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The overall mortality and morbidity rates were 2 deaths and 528 injuries per 100,000 populations. Females had a higher burn rate. More than 50% of injuries were seen in adults 25 to 64 years of age. Most injuries occurred in the kitchen while preparing food. 88% of all burns occurred due to flame. Children 1 to 4 years of age were four times more likely to sustain burn injuries as compared to infants. Age-targeted interventions, awareness of first aid protocols, and improvement of acute care management would be potential leads to curb death and disability due to burn injuries.

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“…Islam et al () revealed 84% ( N = 112) faced psychological problems following the attack, in agreement with Lama et al's () study, where 8% ( N = 36) had a psychological condition and 53% reported interpersonal conflict or adjustment problems. Thus, rehabilitative support is necessary.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Others are rejected by family and friends, prompting social isolation and reliance on acquaintances for survival (Islam et al, ; Lama et al, ). This is intensified in rural areas, where spread of news in close‐knit communities precipitates stigmatization (Asaria et al, ; Khoshnami et al, ; Lama et al, ). Therefore, despite family support or abandonment, social identity is compromised due to deviation from perceived normality, comparison, and stigmatization in society.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some survivors experienced anger, increased annoyance, and loss of temper; adding strain on family relations. Other studies found that 50% (N = 36) survivors lacked family support and 84% (N = 112) experienced family negligence and dependence for day-to-day living (Islam et al, 2014;Lama et al, 2015). Consequently, the pre-morbid functioning of the family unit in society changed, creating additional burdens and leaving some without a support system.…”

Section: Impact On Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The impact of assault by vitriolage on quality of life: Integrative review

Didcott

¹

,

Taylor

²

2019

Journal of Advanced Nursing

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Aims To analyse quality of life post vitriolage and explore factors affecting an individual's everyday functioning after an acid attack. Design Integrative review. Data Sources Articles (N = 570) retrieved from Medline, CINAHL Embase and Psychinfo between 2004–2017. Reference chaining and hand‐searching yielded 12 further articles. A total 12 articles were reviewed. Review Methods Whittemore and Knalf (2005) Journal of Advanced Nursing, 52, 546–553. Results Five themes were identified; contextual factors, physical wounds, psychological wounds, social wounds, and legal factors, as demonstrated by a conceptual model exploring traumatic events experienced by survivors. Conclusion The event, the burn injury itself, scarring and ocular damage are core factors that impair quality of life. Patients find it difficult to reintegrate into society following the assault and discrepancies between medico‐legal and social services further prevent them from achieving their pre‐morbid level of functioning. Nurses can use the biopsychosocial findings of this review to provide effective care for those assaulted by acid. It also provides a basis of discussion and application to other permanently disfiguring conditions and intentional injuries. Impact This review has found survivors of acid assaults experience legal, physical, psychological, and social problems. Findings suggest that no single person will have the same experiences since the burden of injury is dependent on socio‐cultural and contextual factors rather than the degree of injury alone. Inadequate coordination between multidisciplinary services hinders reintegration into society; causing permanent traumatization for some survivors. This review can assist nurses in understanding how acid assaults impact on quality of life to enable more holistic care provision.

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Intentional burns in Nepal: A comparative study

Cited by 34 publications

References 45 publications

Epidemiology of Burns in Rural Bangladesh: An Update

Epidemiology of Burns in Rural Bangladesh: An Update

166 Epidemiology of burns in rural Bangladesh: an update

The impact of assault by vitriolage on quality of life: Integrative review

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