Intention to use versus actual adoption of technology by university English language learners: what perceptions and factors matter?

Ready or not? An exploration of university students’ online learning readiness and intention to use during COVID-19 pandemic

“…This lower level of motivation, however, was a particularly concerning phenomenon The third purpose of this study was to explore the influence of different factors on online learning readiness. Unlike other previous studies which found the significant effects of participants' gender on OLR or adoption of technologies in online learning (Firat and Bozkurt, 2020;Lim, 2004;Wang et al, 2009) or years of study (i.e., academic year) on online learning behaviours (Lee, 2020b), this study shows that there were negligible effects of those factors on students' online learning readiness. Our results revealed that participants' perceptions of facilitating conditions seemed to be the strongest predictor of their OLR.…”

“…This result suggests that those who find online learning useful and enjoyable are more likely to continue to use this channel of learning. The finding is consistent with the literature and those of many previous studies (Lee, 2020b;Luan and Teo, 2009;Tarhini et al, 2017) which found motivation among the significant determinants of intention to study online. A recent study with Vietnamese university students also concluded that students' attitude toward learning with technology was the most important factor to predict their intention of use (Vo, 2020).…”

“…While age differences and employment were strong indicators of OLR with higher readiness among employed learners of high ages ( Firat and Bozkurt, 2020 ), learners’ experience of using Internet ( Firat and Bozkurt, 2020 ; Wei and Chou, 2020 ) and part-time learning mode ( Hannon and D'Netto, 2007 ) were found to impact OLR. Students’ disciplines and years of study were also found to affect students’ actual learning behaviours in an online learning platform ( Lee, 2020b ). Apart from learners’ demographic factors, learners’ characteristics such as reading and writing skills, computer literacy, motivation, and independent learning were also found to be prominent factors affecting OLR ( Kerr et al, 2006 ).…”

“…It should be noted that individuals’ internal psychological state and beliefs can influence or predict their actions ( Lee, 2020b ). A number of studies have attempted to examine the relationship between different dimensions of psychological states and students’ intention to use online and the results varied ( Huang et al, 2020 ; Lai et al., 2012 ; Tarhini et al, 2017 ).…”

Artificial intelligence in marketing: A meta‐analytic review

“…In the artificial intelligence literature, actual usage means the usage frequency (Paschke et al, 2021) and the amount of time a user spends using the technology (Amoroso & Hunsinger, 2009). Further, consumers' intention to adopt artificial intelligence positively affects their actual usage behavior of it (C. Lee, 2020; C. Srivastava et al, 2021). Based on this discussion, this study hypothesizes that:…”