Intention, magnitude and factors associated with bottle feeding among mothers of 0–23 months old children in Holeta town, Central Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

Abstract

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that bottle feeding should be avoided for infant and young child feeding since it has an impact on optimal breastfeeding, appropriate complementary feeding and bottles with a nipple are prone to contamination. The objectives of this study were to determine intention, magnitude and factors associated with bottle feeding among mothers of 0-23 months infants and children. Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted from February to May 2016. A total of 422 mothers who had children 0-23 months were included in the study. Systematic random sampling was used to select the study subjects. Data were collected using a pre-tested interviewer administered structured questionnaire. The data were cleaned, coded, entered in to EPI-INFO version 3.5.4, and transferred and analyzed using SPSS. Odds ratio was calculated with 95% CI to identify factors associated with bottle feeding practice. P-values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of bottle-feeding in this study was 19.6% and another 27.6% mothers have intention of bottle feeding. Being infant age of 0-5 months [AOR = 0.27;95% CI:(0.12,0.62)] and being a housewife [AOR = 0.37; 95% CI:(0.21,0.67)] were negatively associated while having three under five children [AOR = 2.77;95% CI:(1.07,7.14)], not attending PNC follow-up [AOR = 2.13;95% CI:(1.19,4.97)], lower age of mothers [AOR = 3.38;95% CI:(1.48,7.73)] and not counseled on bottle feeding [AOR = 2.18;95% CI:(1.24,3.83)] were positively associated with bottle feeding. Conclusion: The prevalence of bottle feeding in the study area was high compared to the national prevalence of bottle feeding. Working outside home, lower maternal age, older age of children, having more than one under five children in the household, not attending PNC follow-up and not counseled on bottle feeding were found to be risk factors associated with bottle feeding practice in the study area.

Formula Feeding and Associated Factors among a Group of Egyptian Mothers

“…This misconception is further enhanced by the aggressive advertisement by artificial feeding companies. This finding is contrary to the findings of other studies where no significant relationship was found between infants’ gender and bottle feeding [14], or breastfeeding [15]. This was also contrary to another study where exclusive breastfeeding was significantly higher among male infants [17].…”

“…The age of infants in the present study was shown to affect mothers’ choices of the method of feeding; where a higher percentage of the younger age group (< 6 months) were fed by breastfeeding in addition to formula compared to the older age groups who were fed artificial formula only. Similarly, young infants’ age (< 6 months) was associated with a higher prevalence of breastfeeding in a study performed in Ethiopia [14]. Our findings are consistent with the Egyptian DHS 2014 which stated that only 4 in 10 children under 6 months of age are being exclusively breastfed, and around 3 in 10 of children under 6 months are being bottle fed [5].…”

“…Socio-demographic characteristics and obstetric history of the mothers related to breastfeeding: education, working status, mode of delivery, anesthesia exposure, antenatal breastfeeding education sessions, and current feeding practice, demographic characteristics of the enrolled infants: gender, birth weight, age, and child’s rank, in addition to mother’s beliefs and attitude that can influence decision making on breastfeeding practices, including receiving antenatal education, mother’s intentions to breastfeed at pregnancy, current mother desire to breastfeed, and the leading factors, that led to artificial formula introduction; ranked according to importance to each participant as reported by the mothers. Questions used in this questionnaire were adopted from the available literature [13], [14].…”

Determinants of bottle feeding among 0-24 months children

“…It suggests that without any obvious problem of sucking and swallowing bottle feeding was started in full term children. 25.6% had H/O NICU stay for more than 24 hours. So, issue of separation of mother from baby was there in 25.6% only rest 74.6% children were there with mother only after birth.…”

“…Mothers who did not receive breast feeding education sessions from healthcare personnel during pregnancy and/or after delivery had almost two times risk of bottle feeding compared to mothers who received breast feeding education [22]. Breast feeding education is efficient for promotion of exclusive breastfeeding & also helpful to avoid harmful bottle feeding practice [24,25].…”