Intensive technology of cultivation of sweet pepper under drop irrigation in the conditions of Dagestan

Abstract

In the dry steppe zone of the Tersko-Sulak sub-province of the Republic of Dagestan, a positive effect of drip irrigation against the background of heap tillage on the yield and quality of sweet pepper fruits was established. The effectiveness of maintaining the pre-irrigation threshold for soil moisture not less than 80 % of HB in the root-inhabited layer in combination with dump tillage to a depth of 0.23…0.25 m proved. This combination provides fruit yield at the level of 60…62 t/ha with an increase in sugar content and content Vitamin C compared to fine processing. The data obtained indicate the inappropriateness of the use of fine processing sweet pepper at 0.10…0.12 m under irrigated conditions, which leads to a deterioration in agrophysical and phytosanitary indicators of fertility. In particular, the soil density increases by 0.05…0.08 t/m3, the number of water-resistant aggregates decreases by 7 %, water permeability decreases by 22 % and the coefficient of water resistance increases by more than 2 times weed plantings and potential soil weed. Determined that out of the three studied constant pre-irrigation thresholds of humidity of the root layer (70, 80 and 90 % LMC), the best conditions for plant growth and development are formed at 80 % LMC: photosynthetic potential increases by 12 %, photosynthesis net productivity by 20.9 %, the efficiency of photosynthetically active radiation to 1.02 %, a decrease in the utilization rate of irrigation water by 28.3 % (70.3 m3/t). In order to maintaining a pre-irrigation moisture threshold of at least 80 % LMC, irrigations with a norm of 216 m3/ha carried out, after-planting irrigation of seedlings with an irrigation norm of 65 m3/ha with an average irrigation rate of 4384 m3/ha The combination of pre-irrigation threshold in a layer of 0.5 m 80 % LMC and dump processing provides a return on production costs of 173.1 % with a payback period of 1 year.

Influence of the Technological Process of Advanced Irrigation Methods on the Productivity of Vegetable Crops in the Lower Volga Region

“…Ввиду сложности и многоаспектности данной проблемы ученыемелиораторы ведут постоянный поиск оптимальных техник и технологий орошения овощных культур. На основе наиболее эффективных способов полива капельного (КП) и внутрипочвенного (ВП), разрабатываются новые комбинированные системы орошения [1,4]. Объект.…”