Intensive physical activity increases peripheral blood dendritic cells

Suchánek, Ondřej; Podrazil, Michal; Fischerová, Barbara; Bočínská, Helena; Budínský, Vít; Stejskal, David; Špíšek, Radek; Bartůňková, Jiřina; Kolář, Pavel

doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2010.08.010

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The effects of acute exhaustive exercise on human DCs and TLRs have only rudimentarily been studied to date (Oliveira and Gleeson 2010;Simpson et al 2009;Suchanek et al 2010). This is the first study examining the effects of marathon running on DC subsets and TLR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulation of dendritic cells and toll-like receptors by marathon running

et al. 2011

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The focus of this study was to assess exercise-induced alterations of circulating dendritic cell (DC) subpopulations and toll-like receptor (TLR) expression after marathon running. Blood sampling was performed in 15 obese non-elite (ONE), 16 lean non-elite (LNE) and 16 lean elite (LE) marathon runners pre- and post-marathon as well as 24 h after the race. Circulating DC-fractions were measured by flow-cytometry analyzing myeloid DCs (BDCA-1+) and plasmacytoid DCs (BDCA-2+). We further analyzed the (TLR) -2/-4/-7 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (rt-PCR/Western Blot) and the cytokines CRP, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and oxLDL by ELISA. After the marathon, BDCA-1 increased significantly in all groups [LE (pre/post): 0.35/0.47%; LNE: 0.26/0.50% and ONE: 0.30/0.49%; all p < 0.05]. In contrast, we found a significant decrease for BDCA-2 directly after the marathon (LE: 0.09/0.01%; LNE: 0.12/0.03% and ONE: 0.10/0.02%; all p < 0.05). Levels of TLR-7 mRNA decreased in all groups post-marathon (LE 44%, LNE 67% and ONE 52%; all p < 0.01), with a consecutive protein reduction (LE 31%, LNE 52%, ONE 42%; all p < 0.05) 24 h later. IL-6 and IL-10 levels increased immediately after the run, whereas increases of TNF-α and CRP-levels were seen after 24 h. oxLDL levels remained unchanged post-marathon. In our study population, we did not find any relevant differences regarding training level or body weight. Prolonged endurance exercise induces both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10, may help to prevent excessive oxidative stress. Marathon running is associated with alterations of DC subsets and TLR-expression independent of training level or body weight. Myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs are differently affected by the excessive physical stress. Immunomodulatory mechanisms seem to play a key role in the response and adaptation to acute excessive exercise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One previous study examined the effect of an acute bout of exercise on DC-differentiation (Suchanek et al 2010). After an intensive 60-min training session, both myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs were found to be increased in icehockey players.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of dendritic cells and toll-like receptors by marathon running

et al. 2011

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“…However, available evidence points to an additional involvement of norepinephrine acting on α-adrenoceptors [35, 115, 125]. ‘Adrenergic leukocytosis’ is interpreted as an enhanced immunosurveillance in order to rapidly respond to injury and concurrent infectious challenge, as stress leukocytes display a high tissue migratory potential and are efficiently redistributed from the circulation to the site of action, e.g.…”

Section: The Sleep–wake Cycle and Immune Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep and immune function

Besedovsky

Lange

Born

2011

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

765

523

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Sleep and the circadian system exert a strong regulatory influence on immune functions. Investigations of the normal sleep–wake cycle showed that immune parameters like numbers of undifferentiated naïve T cells and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines exhibit peaks during early nocturnal sleep whereas circulating numbers of immune cells with immediate effector functions, like cytotoxic natural killer cells, as well as anti-inflammatory cytokine activity peak during daytime wakefulness. Although it is difficult to entirely dissect the influence of sleep from that of the circadian rhythm, comparisons of the effects of nocturnal sleep with those of 24-h periods of wakefulness suggest that sleep facilitates the extravasation of T cells and their possible redistribution to lymph nodes. Moreover, such studies revealed a selectively enhancing influence of sleep on cytokines promoting the interaction between antigen presenting cells and T helper cells, like interleukin-12. Sleep on the night after experimental vaccinations against hepatitis A produced a strong and persistent increase in the number of antigen-specific Th cells and antibody titres. Together these findings indicate a specific role of sleep in the formation of immunological memory. This role appears to be associated in particular with the stage of slow wave sleep and the accompanying pro-inflammatory endocrine milieu that is hallmarked by high growth hormone and prolactin levels and low cortisol and catecholamine concentrations.

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“…23 Experts agree that the impact of acute exercise and training on dendritic cells (DCs) remains poorly understood and a topic ripe for investigation particularly given the crucial role DCs have in initiating adaptive immune responses by presenting antigens and costimulatory molecules to T and B cells. 6 Acute exercise has been shown to increase the number of circulating myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs, 24 and recent work has shown that acute maximal exercise increases the ex vivo generation of monocyte-derived DCs, 25 but the functional consequences of these observations remains poorly understood.…”

Section: Exercise and Innate Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise, immune function and respiratory infection: An update on the influence of training and environmental stress

2015

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This review outlines recent advancements in the understanding of athlete immune health. Controversies discussed include whether high levels of athletic training and environmental stress (for example, heat acclimation, cryotherapy and hypoxic training) compromise immunity and increase upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Recent findings challenge early exercise immunology doctrine by showing that international athletes performing high-volume training suffer fewer, not greater, URTI episodes than lower-level performers and URTI incidence decreases, not increases, around the time of competition compared with heavy training. Herein we raise the possibility of host genetic influences on URTI and modifiable behavioural and training-related factors underpinning these recent observations. Continued controversy concerns the proportion of URTI symptoms reported by athletes that are due to infectious pathogens, airway inflammation or as yet unknown causes and indeed whether the proportion differs in athletes and non-athletes. Irrespective of the cause of URTI symptoms (infectious or non-infectious), experts broadly agree that self-reported URTI hinders high-volume athletic training but, somewhat surprisingly, less is known about the influence on athletic performance. In athletes under heavy training, both innate and acquired immunity are often observed to decrease, typically 15-25%, but whether relatively modest changes in immunity increase URTI susceptibility remains a major gap in knowledge. With the exception of cell-mediated immunity that tends to be decreased, exercising in environmental extremes does not provide an additional threat to immunity and host defence. Recent evidence suggests that immune health may actually be enhanced by regular intermittent exposures to environmental stress (for example, intermittent hypoxia training).

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Intensive physical activity increases peripheral blood dendritic cells

Cited by 26 publications

References 24 publications

Modulation of dendritic cells and toll-like receptors by marathon running

Modulation of dendritic cells and toll-like receptors by marathon running

Sleep and immune function

Exercise, immune function and respiratory infection: An update on the influence of training and environmental stress

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