Intensity Ratio of Kβ/Kα in Selected Elements from Mg to Cu, and the Chemical Effects of Cr Kα1,2 Diagram Lines and Cr Kβ/Kα Intensity Ratio in Cr Compounds

Abstract

Kα,β X-ray lines from photon excitation were measured in selected elements from Mg to Cu using a high-resolution double-crystal X-ray spectrometer with a proportional counter, and the Kβ/Kα intensity ratio for each element was obtained, after correcting for self-absorption, detection efficiency, and crystal reflectance. This intensity ratio increases rapidly from Mg to Ca but, in the 3d elements region, the increase becomes slower. This is related to the intensity of the Kβ line involving valence electrons. The slow increase of this ratio in the 3d elements region is thought to be due to the correlation between 3d and 4s electrons. Moreover, the chemical shifts, FWHM, asymmetry indices, and Kβ/Kα intensity ratios of the Cr compounds, due to different valences, were also investigated using the same double-crystal X-ray spectrometer. The chemical effects were clearly observed, and the Kβ/Kα intensity ratio was found to be compound-dependent for Cr.

FLUKA Simulations of Kβ/Kα Intensity Ratios of Copper in Ag–Cu Alloys

“…Most of the studies were conducted by irradiating the sample with a radioactive source of 241 Am (energy 59.9 keV) [16, 23-37, 48, 50-52], of 109 Cd (22.69 keV) [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41], and of 137 Cs (32.86 keV) [42]. However, the results obtained for X-ray tube [38,43,45,46], Kelectron capture [43], protons (1 MeV, 2 MeV) [44], synchrotron radiation (10 keV) [47] and high-energy electron beam [53] are also available. The Cu-Kβ/Kα values were obtained by use of Si(Li) [16,24,26,28-33, 35,37-41,43-45,47,48,50], Ge [23,25,27,34,36,42,51,52] and high-resolution double-crystal X-ray spectrometer with a proportional counter Si(220) [46].…”

“…However, the results obtained for X-ray tube [38,43,45,46], Kelectron capture [43], protons (1 MeV, 2 MeV) [44], synchrotron radiation (10 keV) [47] and high-energy electron beam [53] are also available. The Cu-Kβ/Kα values were obtained by use of Si(Li) [16,24,26,28-33, 35,37-41,43-45,47,48,50], Ge [23,25,27,34,36,42,51,52] and high-resolution double-crystal X-ray spectrometer with a proportional counter Si(220) [46]. In our study, we utilized FLUKA simulations to obtain data, which are presented in Figure 4 alongside values from existing literature.…”

Natural linewidths of Cu Kα1,2 spectra obtained with an antiparallel double-crystal X-ray spectrometer

“…1. The stability of the instrument was evaluated in a recent study 15 for the Cu Kα 1,2 lines and a wide range of Kα, β diagram lines in 3d elements. Additionally, the Kα 1,2,3,4 spectra, recorded using the same spectrometer with a sealed Xe gas proportional counter, are shown in Fig.…”

“…From the numerical analysis considering the multiple peaks of Cu metal and Cr oxides, 15 we can obtain the energy value, FWHM, asymmetry index, and relative intensity ratio of atoms and compounds ((Kb/Ka) ratio in the literature). In the future, Fig.…”

“…The analysis shows the results of asymmetry fitting of two peaks (Ka 1 and Ka 2 ) and symmetry fitting of four peaks (Ka 11 , Ka 12 , Ka 21 and Ka 22 ). Si*(220) is from Ito et al15 The averaged energy value, averaged FWHM, averaged asymmetry index (AI) or averaged corrected FWHM (CF), and averaged relative intensity of each spectrum are specified for each spectral crystal…”