Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curve for Extreme Rainfall Event Characterization, in the High Tropical Andes

Abstract

In fields such as hydrology, meteorology, and civil engineering, the study of extreme precipitation events is useful to prevent rainfall related disasters. A widely-used practice to address such a problem is by using statistical inferences about precipitation intensity, duration and frequency (IDF). Despite of its great usefulness, the selection of the adequate data and methodology to characterize precipitation’s IDF in the urban area of high-altitude Andean cities remains an open issue for practitioners and decision makers. In this sense, the present paper develops an approach to schematically build the IDF curves for a sub-basin of the study case Andean city, Quito–Ecuador. The here-used data holds information from 12 meteorological stations. Then, the IDF curves are obtained by using both a parametrization followed by a Gamma distribution and a 3-parameter cumulative distribution function, also called mnp. Finally, the curve-fitting process is estimated numerically by adjusting the Sherman equation. Results (average R2=0.9) demonstrated that the framework is well-suited for the high-altitude regime. As a noticeable outcome, a novel spatial interpolation-based analysis is introduced, which enabled the identification of extreme rainfall events according to its duration.

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“…It represents the relationship between rainfall intensity, duration, and recurrence period (or the probability of exceeding its inverse). IDF curves are commonly used in hydrological, hydraulic, and water resource systems design [15]. The U.S.…”