Intensity-dependence of exercise and active recovery in high-intensity interval training

Kemi, Ole Johan; Fowler, Ewan D.; McGlynn, Karen; Primrose, Deborah; Smirthwaite, Rachel; Wilson, John

doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.19.09521-5

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…With regard to lactate concentration, an active recovery has frequently been shown to enhance lactate clearance (Devlin et al, 2014; Kirkpatrick & Burrus, 2020; McLellan & Skinner, 1982; Menzies et al, 2010). A condition × time interaction was found for lactate concentration in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the sprint and the marking of the sprint performance scale, the participants were advised about the recovery condition (passive or active/passive mixed). During the active/passive mixed recovery trials, 30 s after the sprint, the participants cycled for 3.5 min at 80% of the LT power output (108 ± 35 W), a recovery exercise intensity that has been suggested to optimize blood lactate clearance (Devlin et al, 2014). The participants then rested passively on a chair for 4 min, before cycling again for a further 3.5 min at the same intensity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, skeletal muscles will also oxidize lactate, with the oxidation rate being dependent on the metabolic rate of both the exercising and resting muscles (Gladden, 2008). While not all findings have been in support Dorado et al, 2004), the majority of research has indicated that performing an active recovery does improve lactate clearance (Devlin et al, 2014;Kirkpatrick & Burrus, 2020;McLellan & Skinner, 1982;Menzies et al, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sprint Cycling

Dale

Muniz‐Pumares

Cimadoro

et al. 2023

Journal of Psychophysiology

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The time between races varies in the track cycling competition known as the Match Sprint but can be as little as 10–15 min. Both physiological and motivational factors could affect performance recovery. This study investigated how the between-sprint recovery activity, and an alteration in the duration of the second sprint, affected performance. Twenty-four strength-trained men (age: 26 ± 5 years; height: 180.3 ± 6.1 cm; body mass: 82.3 ± 6.9 kg) participated. During each of the four experimental trials, two sprints were performed 12 min apart. The first was always 18 s and the second was either 9 s or 18 s. Between sprints, passive rest or a mixture of active and passive recovery was undertaken. Peak power output (PPO), as well as mean power output over 9 s (MPO9) and 18 s (MPO18), was recorded. Lactate concentration, ratings of sprint preparation and performance, as well as perceptions of recovery, were also measured. Post-trial and post-study questionnaires explored factors that may have influenced performance. A sprint number × recovery method interaction, F(1, 23) = 28.791, p < .001, ηp2 = .556, was found for PPO, with a significantly lower PPO in sprint 2 following passive recovery. Sprint number × second sprint duration interactions were found for PPO, F(1, 23) = 9.867, p = .005, ηp2 = .300, and MPO9, F(1, 23) = 8.922, p = .007, ηp2 = .279. A significant time × condition interaction was also found for lactate concentration, F(6.082, 97.320) = 2.982, p = .010, ηp2 = .157, although post hoc tests were unable to identify the cause of any of these effects. Typically, the participants were satisfied with their sprint performances and expressed positive views about the recovery activity undertaken. The main finding was, therefore, that PPO was lower following passive recovery, but the effects on MPO were not apparent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sprint Cycling

Dale

Muniz‐Pumares

Cimadoro

et al. 2023

Journal of Psychophysiology

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“…The use of passive or ac tive recovery is still a matter of debate; however, as active recovery is psychologically and physiologically stressful for most subjects [77,101] we advise using passive recovery periods when long HIIT sessions are prescribed. Nevertheless, if active recovery is used after long intervals, an intensity < LT (lowintensity) should be per formed, to aid recovery and minimize fatigue [102].…”

Section: Recovery Length and Modalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prescription of High-intensity Aerobic Interval Training Based on Oxygen Uptake Kinetics

et al. 2022

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Endurance training results in diverse adaptations that lead to increased performance and health benefits. A commonly measured training response is the analysis of oxygen uptake kinetics, representing the demand of a determined load (speed/work) on the cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic systems, providing useful information for the prescription of constant load or interval-type aerobic exercise. There is evidence that during high-intensity aerobic exercise some interventions prescribe brief interval times (<1-min), which may lead to a dissociation between the load prescribed and the oxygen uptake demanded, potentially affecting training outcomes. Therefore, this review explored the time to achieve a close association between the speed/work prescribed and the oxygen uptake demanded after the onset of high-intensity aerobic exercise. The evidence assessed revealed that at least 80% of the oxygen uptake amplitude is reached when phase II of oxygen uptake kinetics is completed (1-2 minutes after the onset of exercise, depending on the training status). We propose that the minimum work-time during high-intensity aerobic interval training sessions should be at least 1 minute for athletes and 2 minutes for non-athletes. This suggestion could be used by coaches, physical trainers, clinicians, and sports or health scientists for the prescription of high-intensity aerobic interval training

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“…The recovery period in other forms of exercise, such as high-intensity interval exercise, has been scarcely studied in comparison with the classic incremental running test [ 17 ], in which cardiac recovery exhibits a biphasic pattern with an initial rapid fall followed by a subsequent slow fall. The initial rapid fall is basically independent of the type of exercise, as it is more influenced by baroreflex sensitivity [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Menstrual Cycle Phase on the Recovery Process of High-Intensity Interval Exercise—A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Benito

Alfaro-Magallanes

Rael

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Although the study of the menstrual cycle influence on endurance exercise has recently increased, there is a lack of literature studying its influence on females’ cardiorespiratory recovery. Thus, the aim of the present work was to assess menstrual cycle influence on post-exercise recovery following a high intensity interval exercise in trained females. Thirteen eumenorrheic endurance-trained females performed an interval running protocol in three menstrual cycle phases: early follicular phase (EFP), late follicular phase (LFP), and mid-luteal phase (MLP). The protocol consisted of 8 × 3-min bouts at 85% of their maximal aerobic speed (vVO2peak) with a 90-s rest between bouts and a final 5-min active recovery at 30% vVO2peak. All variables were averaged every 15 s, obtaining 19 moments during recovery (time factor). To analyze the effects of the menstrual cycle on the final active cardiorespiratory recovery, an ANOVA for repeated measures was performed. ANOVA showed an effect on menstrual cycle phase on ventilation (EFP: 1.27 ± 0.35; LFP: 1.19 ± 0.36; MLP: 1.27 ± 0.37), breathing frequency (EFP: 35.14 ± 7.14; LFP: 36.32 ± 7.11; MLP: 37.62 ± 7.23), and carbon dioxide production (EFP: 1120.46 ± 137.62; LFP: 1079.50 ± 129.57; MLP: 1148.78 ± 107.91). Regarding the interaction results (phase x time), ventilation is higher at many of the recovery times during the MLP, with less frequent differences between EFP and LFP (F = 1.586; p = 0.019), while breathing reserve is lower at many of the recovery times during MLP, with less time differences between EFP and LFP (F = 1.643; p = 0.013). It seems that the menstrual cycle affects post-exercise recovery specially during the MLP, rising ventilation and lowering breathing reserve, giving rise to an impaired ventilatory efficiency.

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Intensity-dependence of exercise and active recovery in high-intensity interval training

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Sprint Cycling

Sprint Cycling

Prescription of High-intensity Aerobic Interval Training Based on Oxygen Uptake Kinetics

Effect of Menstrual Cycle Phase on the Recovery Process of High-Intensity Interval Exercise—A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

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