Intensity characteristics of hypergeometric-gaussian type II beams in maritime turbulence

Abstract

In this study, the propagation characteristics of the Hypergeometric-Gaussian type II (HyGG-II) beam in a turbulent maritime atmosphere are investigated theoretically. Using the extended Huygens-Fresnel integral formula, the on-axis average intensity of these beams traveling through in maritime turbulence is derived in closed-form under the Rytov method. Also, some special cases of average intensity of the HyGG-II beam are been extracted from the obtained results. The dependence of the on-axis intensity on the parameters of the incident HyGG-II beam and the turbulence strength has been determined. From typical numerical examples, it is shown that the HyGG-II beam loses its dark central spot, when its on-axis intensity reaches a limit value at certain propagation distance zmax, and after that the beam returns to its original hollow shape. For small constant strength turbulence, small parameter hollowness large initial beam waist size and large topological charge, the disappearance speed is slow. The obtained results can be used in the design of an optical wireless communication link design operating in marine atmosphere.

Maritime turbulence effect on the axial propagation properties of a Bessel higher-order cosh-Gaussian laser beam

“…In 2018, Khannous and Belafhal treated the development of the atmospheric spectral model for the marine environment (Khannous and Belafhal 2018) which is widely applied in turbulent maritime atmosphere. In the literature, numerous works have been focused on investigating and analyzing the impact of turbulent marine on the propagation of different types of laser beams like hypergeometric-gaussian type II beam (Khannous et al 2023), a partially coherent laser , flat-topped Gaussian beam (Khannous and Belafhal. 2016), Gaussian beam (Toselli et al 2010), Hankel-Bessel-Gaussian pulse beam (Zhang et al 2017), a new generalized laser beam (Saad et al 2023), Li's flattened Gaussian beams (Khannous et al 2014), a Model vortex higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam , Airy beams (Zhu et al 2016) and partially spatially coherent laser beam (Nelson et al 2013).…”