Intensity and Dynamics of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immune Responses after BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination: Implications for Public Health Vaccination Strategies

Speletas, Matthaios; Voulgaridi, Ioanna; Sarrou, Styliani; Dadouli, Katerina; Mouchtouri, Varvara A.; Nikoulis, Dimitrios J.; Tsakona, Maria; Kyritsi, Maria; Peristeri, Athanasia-Marina; Avakian, Ioanna; Nasika, Asimina; Fragkou, Paraskevi C.; Moschopoulos, Charalampos D.; Zoubouneli, Stamatia; Onoufriadis, Ilias; Anagnostopoulos, Lemonia; Matziri, Alexia; Papadamou, Georgia; Theodoridou, Aikaterini; Tsiodras, Sotirios; Hadjichristodoulou, Christos

doi:10.3390/vaccines10020316

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In our study, anti-viral IgA Ab kinetics similarly to IgG, reached maximum levels on Day42 but dropped thereafter quickly to lower levels of seropositivity up to 9 months. Our data are in accordance with studies that used commercially available ELISA kits and showed a significant decrease in IgA levels 3 months after vaccination for most participants, while afterwards their levels approached zero levels [ 14 ]. However, we observed that SARS-CoV-2 IgA Ab responses remained above the positivity threshold levels (79% for anti-S and 53% for anti-RBD) even on Day270.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Studies on humoral response to mRNA vaccines mostly use commercial assays, employing different capture target-antigens, and focusing on specific IgG Ab dynamics [ 4 , 5 , 10 , 11 ] whereas, fewer studies are addressing the long-term dynamics of IgA response [ 12 – 16 ]. For example, some studies have used commercially available kits measuring anti-trimeric Spike or anti-RBD IgG in correlation with anti-S1 IgA [ 13 ], while others used kits comparing anti-RBD IgG kinetics with the levels of IgA Abs targeting a mixture of S1/S2 with Nucleocapsid (N) protein [ 14 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined monitoring of IgG and IgA anti-Spike and anti-Receptor binding domain long term responses following BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in Greek healthcare workers

Sarrigeorgiou

Moschandreou

Dimitriadis³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Studies on the humoral response to homologous BNT162b2 mRNA-vaccination focus mainly on IgG antibody dynamics, while long-term IgA kinetics are understudied. Herein, kinetics of IgG and IgA levels against trimeric-Spike (S) and Receptor-Binding-Domain (RBD) were evaluated by in-house ELISAs in 146 two-dose vaccinated Greek healthcare workers (HCWs) in a 9-month period at six time points (up to 270 days after the first dose). The effect of a homologous booster third dose was also studied and evaluated. The peak of immune response was observed 21 days after the second dose; 100% seroconversion rate for anti-S and anti-RBD IgG, and 99.7% and 96.3% respectively for IgA. IgG antibody levels displayed higher increase compared to IgA. Declining but persistent anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels were detected 9 months after vaccination; IgG and IgA anti-S levels approached those after the first dose, while a more rapid reduction rate for anti-RBD antibodies led to significantly lower levels for both classes, supporting the need for a booster dose. Indeed, a homologous booster third dose resulted in enhanced levels of anti-S of both classes, whereas anti-RBD didn’t exceed the peak levels after the second dose. Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, flu vaccination, BMI<35 and the occurrence of an adverse event upon vaccination, were associated with higher IgG antibody levels over time, which however were negatively affected by age increase and the presence of chronic diseases. Overall, after concurrently using the S and RBD target-antigens in in-house ELISAs, we report in addition to IgG, long-term persistence of IgA antibodies. Regarding antibody levels, homologous mRNA vaccination gives rise to an effective anti-viral protection up to 9 months negatively correlated to age. Considering that COVID-19 is still a matter of public concern, booster vaccine doses remain critical to vulnerable individuals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined monitoring of IgG and IgA anti-Spike and anti-Receptor binding domain long term responses following BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in Greek healthcare workers

Sarrigeorgiou

Moschandreou

Dimitriadis³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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“…This study confirms that age affects the intensity of vaccine-induced immune responses of HCWs, with lower serum IgG concentration associated with increased age. Thus, IgG titers were inversely correlated with age after the first and the second BNT162b2 dose, as has been previously described [ 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Interestingly, this association was not observed when the effects of the third vaccine dose were analyzed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immune Response Induced by Three Doses of the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines

et al. 2022

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BNT162b2 (BioNTech/Pfizer) was the first SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine approved by the European Medicines Agency. We monitored the long-term humoral responses of healthcare workers (HCWs) who received three vaccine doses. A total of 59 healthcare workers were studied: 47 were never SARS-CoV-2-infected (naïve-HCWs), and 12 (infected-HCWs) recovered from COVID-19 before the first vaccine. Serum and saliva were collected at baseline (before the first dose), just before the second dose, 1, 3, 6, and 9 months after the second dose, and 10 days after the third vaccine. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and IgA were evaluated in serum and saliva, respectively, and the presence of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) was analyzed in serum. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG peaked one month after the second vaccine in naïve-HCWs but right before this timepoint in infected-HCWs. IgG titers significantly decreased during follow-up and at month 9 were still detectable in 50% of naïve-HCWs and 90% of infected-HCWs. NAb were significantly decreased 6 months after the second vaccine in naïve-HCWs and 9 months after this dose in infected-HCWs. Salivary SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA titers were significantly higher in infected-HCWs and were undetectable 9 months after the second vaccine in 43% of the naïve-HCWs alone. The third vaccine greatly increased humoral IgG and mucosal IgA in both groups. Two BNT162b2 doses induced strong systemic and humoral immune responses; to note, these responses weakened over time, although they are more prolonged in individuals who had recovered from COVID-19. The third vaccine dose quickly boosts systemic and mucosal humoral responses.

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“…Despite multiple studies evidence differential vaccine-elicited nAb responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants, the impact of nAb titer on the clinical outcome is not fully understood. It is known that higher nAb levels have a positive correlation with protection against COVID-19 (21). However, remains to be resolved the protective titer of neutralizing antibodies, Lau, E.H.Y., et al reported that a 1:40 hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titer protects from infection against influenza (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutralizing responses in fully vaccinated with BNT162b2, CoronaVac, ChAdOx1, and Ad26.COV2.S against SARS-CoV-2 lineages in Colombia, 2020-2021

Álvarez-Díaz¹,

Muñoz

Herrera³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background By March 2022, around 34 million people in Colombia had received a complete scheme of vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) including, mRNA-based vaccines, viral vectored coronavirus vaccines, or the inactivated whole virus vaccine. However, as several SARS CoV 2 variants of concern (VOC) and interest (VOI) cocirculate in the country, determining the resistance level to vaccine elicited neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) is useful to improve the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination programs. Methods Microneutralization assays with the most prevalent SARS-CoV-2 lineages in Colombia during 2020-2021 were performed using serum samples from immunologically naive individuals between 9 and 13 weeks after receiving complete regimens of CoronaVac, BNT162b2, ChAdOx1, or Ad26.COV2.S. The mean neutralization titer (MN50) was calculated by the Reed-Muench method and used to determine differences in vaccine elicited nAbs against the SARS-CoV-2 lineages B.1.111, P.1 (Gamma), B.1.621 (Mu), and AY.25.1 (Delta). Results The most administered vaccines in the country, BNT162b2 and CoronaVac, elicited significantly different nAb responses against Mu, as the GMTs were 75.7 and 5.9 fold lower relative to the control lineage (B.1.111), while for Delta were 15.8 and 1.1-fold lower, respectively. In contrast, nAb responses against Mu and Delta were comparable between ChAd0x1-s and Ad26.COV2.S as the GMTs remained around 5 to 7 fold lower relative to B.1.111. Conclusions The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Colombia with a significant capacity to escape from vaccine elicited nAbs indicates that a booster dose is highly recommended. Furthermore, other non-pharmacological measures should be retained in the vaccinated population.

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Intensity and Dynamics of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immune Responses after BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination: Implications for Public Health Vaccination Strategies

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Combined monitoring of IgG and IgA anti-Spike and anti-Receptor binding domain long term responses following BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in Greek healthcare workers

Combined monitoring of IgG and IgA anti-Spike and anti-Receptor binding domain long term responses following BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in Greek healthcare workers

Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immune Response Induced by Three Doses of the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines

Neutralizing responses in fully vaccinated with BNT162b2, CoronaVac, ChAdOx1, and Ad26.COV2.S against SARS-CoV-2 lineages in Colombia, 2020-2021

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