Intensified silicon photodiode array detector linearity: application to coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy

Antcliff, Richard R.; Hillard, M. E.; Jarrett, O.

doi:10.1364/ao.23.002369

Cited by 19 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The nonlinearity can be avoided by more uniformly illuminating the detector pixel either by adjusting the focus of the CARS spectrometers or by employing a cylindrical lens to increase the CARS image size. 7 During the course of a study on the effect of overall intensity on N 2 CARS spectral shapes we found that the IPDA detector was also exhibiting nonlinearity at low signal levels. We have subsequently investigated the nonlinearity of several P-20 phosphor-based IPDA detectors and found similar behavior, namely, a falloff in relative sensitivity that is logarithmic with decreasing detector output.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinearity and image persistence of P-20 phosphor-based intensified photodiode array detectors used in CARS spectroscopy

1989

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Several self-scanning photodiode arrays (IPDA) used for CARS spectroscopy are shown to exhibit a greater image persistence than has generally been realized, and to exhibit a falloff in sensitivity that is logarithmic with decreasing output signal. These effects are attributed to the P-20 phosphor based intensifiers used in the IPDAs and are probably generic to all such detectors. A strategy for minimizing the image persistence in CARS spectroscopy is presented. A prototype detector incorporating a much faster rare earth phosphor is evaluated and shown to be more suited to single pulse CARS measurements in turbulent combustion than the IPDAs incorporating P-20 phosphors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinearity and image persistence of P-20 phosphor-based intensified photodiode array detectors used in CARS spectroscopy

1989

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“…Linearity problems with image intensifiers limited their applicability in combination with the TG measurement setup. A further enhancement in terms of sensitivity can be achieved with intensified photodiode arrays [63]. MCPs are, in principle, electron multipliers in a vacuum-tube assembly, which multiply incident charges to a secondary emission [64].…”

Section: Pmts and Mcpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-gated Raman spectroscopy – a review

Kögler

Heilala²

2020

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Time-gated (TG) Raman spectroscopy (RS) has been shown to be an effective technical solution for the major problem whereby sample-induced fluorescence masks the Raman signal during spectral detection. Technical methods of fluorescence rejection have come a long way since the early implementations of large and expensive laboratory equipment, such as the optical Kerr gate. Today, more affordable small sized options are available. These improvements are largely due to advances in the production of spectroscopic and electronic components, leading to the reduction of device complexity and costs. An integral part of TG Raman spectroscopy is the temporally precise synchronization (picosecond range) between the pulsed laser excitation source and the sensitive and fast detector. The detector is able to collect the Raman signal during the short laser pulses, while fluorescence emission, which has a longer delay, is rejected during the detector dead-time. TG Raman is also resistant against ambient light as well as thermal emissions, due to its short measurement duty cycle.In recent years, the focus in the study of ultra-sensitive and fast detectors has been on gated and intensified charge coupled devices (ICCDs), or on CMOS single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays, which are also suitable for performing TG RS. SPAD arrays have the advantage of being even more sensitive, with better temporal resolution compared to gated CCDs, and without the requirement for excessive detector cooling. This review aims to provide an overview of TG Raman from early to recent developments, its applications and extensions.

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An evaluation of precision and systematic errors in vibrational CARS thermometry

Kröll¹,

Aldén²,

Bengtsson³

et al. 1989

Appl. Phys. B

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Intensified silicon photodiode array detector linearity: application to coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy

Cited by 19 publications

References 10 publications

Nonlinearity and image persistence of P-20 phosphor-based intensified photodiode array detectors used in CARS spectroscopy

Nonlinearity and image persistence of P-20 phosphor-based intensified photodiode array detectors used in CARS spectroscopy

Time-gated Raman spectroscopy – a review

An evaluation of precision and systematic errors in vibrational CARS thermometry

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