Intensification principle of a new three-phase catalytic slurry reactor. Part I: Performance characterisation

Continuous stirred tank reactors in fine chemical synthesis for efficient mixing, solids-handling, and rapid scale-up

“…The advanced reactor designs that incorporate multiple CSTRs in a single vessel, thus greatly simplifying and reducing the costs of the CSTR cascades, are essential. For example, the systems demonstrated by Machefer et al [29], Falβ et al [30], and Mandrelli et al [35] incorporate 5-13 CSTRs in a single reactor, enhancing scalability, solid handling, and mixing.…”

“…The Raptor is a CSTR reactor cascade containing a single cylindrical vessel, 400 mL in volume, mounted horizontally with vertical baffles separating the main channel into individual CSTR chambers. 29 An internal longitudinal shaft with several impellers provides mixing at each stage – a maximum agitation rate of 1500 rpm is possible. The reactor can handle a wide range of process conditions.…”

“…Machefer et al 29 compared the performance of batch and Raptor systems in ortho methyl-cyclohexanol synthesis and found considerable improvements (Table 1). The same 300 ton per year production of ortho methyl-cyclohexanol requires a 6000 times smaller continuous reactor than batch, translating to reduced capital investment.…”

“…Reactor performance for the catalysed ortho-cresol hydrogenation. Data adapted from ref 29. with permission from Elsevier…”

Neural network based nonlinear model predictive control for an intensified continuous reactor

“…This transition from batch to continuous processes leads to a better control of heat and mass transfer that makes it possible to concentrate the reagent and thus limit the amount of solvent to be treated, as well as the inventory of hazardous substances. Machefer et al [6,7] make a comparative study of the new intensified continuous reactor and the classical batch reactor, the new reactor offers economic and environmental efficiency as well as techno-economical aspects including productivity, process safety and control.…”