Intense, mixed-energy hydrogen beams for CTR injection

Berkner, K.H.; Pyle, Robert V.; Stearns, J.W.

doi:10.1088/0029-5515/15/2/009

Cited by 168 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…We predict the current density of o-to be: ( 2) with jT the total current density of single nucleus deuterium and fa the The agreement is quite good, thus indicating that the model of production and propagation of the o-beam is accurate. The data, however, show a falloff with line density.…”

Section: Negative Deuterium Productionmentioning

confidence: 67%

High-current D− production by charge exchange in sodium

Hooper

Poulsen

Pincosy

1981

Journal of Applied Physics

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Section: Negative Deuterium Productionmentioning

confidence: 67%

High-current D− production by charge exchange in sodium

Hooper

Poulsen

Pincosy

1981

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…Nevertheless, large fusion experiments, such as ITER, require significantly higher particle energies up to 1 MeV in order to reach the central regions of the fusion plasma and to provide sufficient heating power and current drive. While the neutralization efficiency for systems based on positive hydrogen ions decreases to unacceptable low values for with increasing energy, the neutralization efficiency of negative hydrogen or deuterium ions attains 60% for the required energy of 1 MeV [2]. This high neutralization efficiency of negative ions, related to the low binding energy (0.75 eV) of the additional electron, causes, on the other hand, a higher loss rate of the negative ions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Transport of negative hydrogen and deuterium ions in RF-driven ion sources

Gutser

Wünderlich

Fantz

et al. 2010

Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

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Abstract. Negative hydrogen ion sources are major components of neutral beam injection systems for plasma heating in future large-scale fusion experiments like ITER. In order to fulfill the requirements of the ITER neutral beam injection, a high-performance, large-area RF-driven ion source for negative ions is being developed at the MPI für Plasmaphysik. Negative hydrogen ions are mainly generated on a converter surface by impinging neutral particles and positive ions under the influence of magnetic fields and the plasma sheath potential. The 3D transport code TrajAn has been applied in order to obtain the total and spatially resolved extraction probabilities for H − and D − ions under identical plasma parameters and the realistic magnetic field topology of the ion source. A comparison of the isotopes shows a lower total extraction probability in case of deuterium ions, caused by different transport effect. The transport calculation shows that distortions of the spatial distributions of ion birth and extraction by the magnetic electron suppression field are present for both negative hydrogen and deuterium ions.

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“…NBI is categorized into two types, i.e., negative and positive NBIs (N-NBI/P-NBI), where the negative/positive ion beams have to be neutralized to heat the fusion plasma core surrounded by a very strong magnetic field, i.e., the ion beam energy has to be transferred to that of neutral particles before the beam injection. When operating the NBI with the beam energy close to 1 MeV for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), an N-NBI system is considered to be more efficient than a P-NBI system because the neutralization efficiency of negative ions is much higher than that of positive ions [4]. Therefore, developing the negative ion source is inevitable to develop the high-performance 1-MeV class NBI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of a Large Diameter Radio-Frequency Negative Hydrogen Ion Source

Sasaki

Takayama

Nakano

et al. 2016

Plasma and Fusion Research

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The characteristics of a 230-mm-diameter radio-frequency (rf) negative hydrogen ion source are investigated by the measurements of electron density and temperature. A hydrogen plasma is produced by an inductively coupled discharge operated with an rf frequency of 300 kHz and a power of a few tens of kW, where a fieldeffect-transistor-based inverter power supply is used as an rf generator. The ion source has a magnetic filter for reduction of the electron temperature near the plasma grid used for the extraction of a negative ion beam. A high electron density greater than 10 18 m −3 is successfully obtained for an operating gas pressure of 0.3 Pa. The electron temperature near the plasma grid is observed to decrease to about 1 eV with increasing magnetic field strength of the magnetic filter.

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Intense, mixed-energy hydrogen beams for CTR injection

Cited by 168 publications

References 9 publications

High-current D− production by charge exchange in sodium

High-current D− production by charge exchange in sodium

Transport of negative hydrogen and deuterium ions in RF-driven ion sources

Characteristics of a Large Diameter Radio-Frequency Negative Hydrogen Ion Source

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