Intense exercise and endurance-training program influence serum kinetics of muscle and cardiac biomarkers in dogs

Cerqueira, Juliana Aparecida; Restan, Wilmer Alejandro Zamora; Fonseca, Mayara Gonçalves; Catananti, Lucas Azevedo; Almeida, Maria Luiza Mendes de; Feringer, Walter; Pereira, Gener Tadeu; Carciofí, Aulus Cavalieri; Ferraz, Guilherme de Camargo

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.10.004

Cited by 24 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The body language and stress indicators were selected during the second stage of the statistical analysis that identified the most powerful variables associated with the workload indicators. It is important to note that the workload variables used herein were adapted from a review paper [56] addressing the subject, but that they are summed or averaged over the whole work period.…”

Section: Relationships Between Body Language Physiological and Worklmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of work on body language of ranch horses in Brazil

et al. 2020

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The horses' responses to exercise are commonly monitored using physiological variables, nonetheless physical and mental states can also be expressed through body language. The aims of this study were: (i) to identify how facial expressions and other behavioural variables change in ranch horses after a routine workday, and (ii) to investigate if these changes can be used as indicators of physical tiredness by relating them to known variables of physical fitness and workload. Fourteen crossbred ranch horses were assessed pre-and post-workday on two farms, recording the body language, physiological and workload variables. Statistical analysis consisted of four stages: (i) comparisons between the sampling times (pre-vs postworkday) using linear mixed-effects models with repeated measures and a paired Wilcoxon test; (ii) selection of the most powerful variables by applying Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test and principal components analyses (PCA); (iii) evaluations of the relationships within these selected variables utilizing PCA and Spearman rank coefficients; and (iv) identifying a critical level of the most robust behavioural indicators using a non-hierarchical cluster analysis. Results showed that after a workday the horses increased the frequency/duration of body language indicative of resting. They also decreased the frequency/duration of body language indicative of attention and movements to avoid flies. However, some of these behaviours are also shown when horses are in pain, leading us to suggest that some ranch horses were probably experiencing a combination of of tiredness and slight soreness. Of particular interest, because of the ease with which it can be assessed on the farm and generalized to other situations, we suggest that the frequency of shifting weight between the forelegs has potential to be used as an indicator of physical tiredness in horses. The results can also be used in the development of tools to improve the welfare of ranch horses as well as horses used in other activities, although more research is needed to validate this assumption.

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Section: Relationships Between Body Language Physiological and Worklmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of work on body language of ranch horses in Brazil

et al. 2020

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“…This phenomenon suggests that the body is reestablishing homeostasis, since energy is no longer being requested for intense work (Octura et al 2014). Other important fact is the CK halflife is between two to six hours (Cerqueira et al 2018); this can be the reason of declining. Monitoring CK activity can be an important indicator to evaluate the impact of training on the animal, as it responds to the duration and intensity of the exercise (Buzala et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to use the measurement of CK and AST activity in the diagnosis of human muscle injury, equine as well as greyhound racing dogs (Lucas et al 2015). It is also used as exercise intensity monitoring and is typical of muscle physiology (Cerqueira et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum amyloid A and muscle activity biomarkers in horses submitted to equestrian show jumping

et al. 2019

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum amyloid A (SAA) and biomarkers of muscle activity of horses submitted to show jumping activity. To do this, the variables SAA, glucose, lactate and the biomarkers creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) were evaluated in 10 horses submitted to the show jumping exercise in a tournament for beginners. The evaluations occurred before exercise (T0), immediately after (T1), 30 minutes (T2), 60 minutes (T3) and 24 hours after the end (T4). Data were evaluated using analysis of variance for repeated measures. The statistical software SAEG 9.1 was used to verify the level of significance between the moments for P<0.05. Glucose presented a difference between the moments T0 (97.7±13.3mg/dL) and T1 (79.7±14.1mg/dL). Lactate presented elevation in T1 (15.3±6.1mmol/L) compared to the others T0 (3.8±0.8mmol/L), T2 (6.5±3.9mmol/L), T3 (5.3±2.2mmol/L) and T4 (5.1±1.6mmol/L). The CK showed a significant difference between T0 (82.8±51.2U/L) and T1 (140.1±58.5U/L) and between T4 (74.4±43.1U/L) with T1 (140.1±58.5U/L). The AST presented no difference between moments. The show jumping activity with one-meter obstacles did not induce changes in the SAA protein between the moments.

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“…[35,37]. These localized damages result in the release of muscle enzymes into the circulation that, in healthy subjects, could be transitory and reflect the physiological response to an incremental exercise test [32,36,37]. However, the degree to which serum enzymes increase is affected by several factors such as age, breed, gender, exercise type, training and also nutritional interventions [37–39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the degree to which serum enzymes increase is affected by several factors such as age, breed, gender, exercise type, training and also nutritional interventions [37–39]. Then, they have been used in the dog not only for the diagnosis of pathological conditions such as myopathies [38,40], but also to study physiological adaptations [5,33,36]. Moreover, changes in glucose and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) can indicate glycogen storage capacity in muscle and, more generally, the animal energy balance [4,5,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of dietary supplements on the physical fitness of German Shepherd dogs during a drug detection training course

Menchetti

Guelfi

Speranza³

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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A high standard of physical fitness is an essential characteristic of drug detection dogs because it affects not only their ability to sustain high activity levels but also their attention and olfaction efficiency. Nutritional supplements could improve physical fitness by modulating energy metabolism, oxidative processes, and perceived fatigue. The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological and biochemical changes induced by submaximal exercise on drug detection dogs (German Shepherd breed) and to assess whether a dietary supplement improves their physical fitness. During a drug detection dog training course, seven dogs were fed with a basal diet (Control Group) for three-month period, while a further seven dogs were fed with a basal diet as well as a daily nutritional supplement containing branched-chain and limiting amino acids, carnitine, vitamins, and octacosanol (Treatment Group). At the end of this period, individual physical fitness was assessed by making each subject take a graded treadmill exercise test. A human heart rate monitor system was used to record the dog’s heart rate (HR) during the treadmill exercise and the subsequent recovery period. The parameters related to HR were analysed using nonparametric statistics. Blood samples were collected before starting the nutritional supplement treatment, before and after the treadmill exercise and following recovery. Linear mixed models were used. The dietary supplements accelerated HR recovery, as demonstrated by the lower HR after recovery (P<0.05) and Time constants of HR decay (P<0.05), and by the higher Absolute HR Recovered (P<0.05) recorded in the Treatment group compared with the Control dogs. The supplemented dogs showed the lowest concentrations of creatine kinase (CK; P<0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, P<0.05) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA; P<0.01) suggesting a reduction in muscle damage and improvement of energy metabolism. These data suggest that this combined supplement can significantly enhance the physical fitness of drug detection dogs.

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Intense exercise and endurance-training program influence serum kinetics of muscle and cardiac biomarkers in dogs

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of work on body language of ranch horses in Brazil

Effect of work on body language of ranch horses in Brazil

Serum amyloid A and muscle activity biomarkers in horses submitted to equestrian show jumping

Benefits of dietary supplements on the physical fitness of German Shepherd dogs during a drug detection training course

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