Abstract-The network in which the nodes can enter or leave the network as per their need is known as mobile ad-hoc network. This is a self-configuring type of network and so the routing in this type of network is very difficult. Numerous routing protocols are involved here which are classified on the basis of their properties into reactive, proactive and hybrid protocols. There are several important parameters such as delay, packet loss and throughput. These parameters are utilized for checking the performance of three routing protocols namely AODV, DSR and DSDV within this research. In comparison to the other protocols, the AODV routing protocol provides better results. In order to provide efficient path establishment from source to destination, enhancement has been proposed here within the AODV protocol which includes the utilization of cuckoo search and bee colony named bio-inspired techniques in it. The nodes that are found to be common in the selected paths are chosen to be the best nodes for the path. The NS2 tool is used for performing the simulations. As per the results achieved it can be seen that the AODV protocol provides better results in terms of the above mentioned parameters.Keywords-MANET, Reactive, Proactive, Hybrid, ADOV, DSDV, DSR
I. INTRODUCTIONThe wireless networks are being prominently utilized nowadays within the day-to-day communication systems. Numerous applications within the fields such as industrial field, military areas and applications involving personal usage include the wireless networks within them. These networks are easy to install, are scalable and flexible and thus are growing popularity with time. The self-configuring type of network that has dynamic topology is known as the mobile ad-hoc network [1]. In order to provide the facilities that can handle the radio communication channels, multi-user interference and other effects, the nodes present within MANETs find their own ways. It is not easy to find an efficient routing protocol for MANETs. Due to their independent nature which provides the nodes to enter or leave the network as per their own requirements, these networks are deployed within numerous applications. There is a dynamic change of the topology of network due to the continuous mobility of nodes. There is a specific area which is covered for providing network communication. The scalability of infrastructure-less networks is better as they are decentralized in nature [2]. The performance of the ad hoc networks is better within various emergency applications as they have operations that can be executed faster and also the configuration is less. An optimal path is to be generated which must involve least number of intermediate nodes from source to destination by the chosen protocol. It is also to be ensured that there is very less overhead and limited consumption of bandwidth within the route [3]. This helps in transmitting the message as per the time duration given across the network. The updated state of the topology of network is obtained with the help of these ty...