Intelligent Monitoring for Safety‐Enhanced Lithium‐Ion/Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

Lithium‐ion/sodium‐ion batteries are the most advanced energy storage devices, but the structural evolution of electrode materials, electrolyte decomposition, the growth of Li/Na dendrites and the generation of heat and gas inside batteries represent serious safety issues. Therefore, it is necessary to real time monitor the parameter changes inside these devices. Herein, the recent important progress in a variety of advanced intelligent detection techniques based on the detection of heat, gas, and strain is introduced and discussed. The perfect combination of electrochemical parameters and these advanced intelligent sensing techniques allows the monitoring of the dynamic chemical and thermal evolution during a cell's operation without any impact, which is crucial to making meaningful advancements in energy storage devices. This work provide access to advanced diagnostic tools to guide the rational design of high‐safety batteries.

Optimization Strategies Toward Functional Sodium‐Ion Batteries

“…[134,135] Overcharging/discharging will also cause oxidative/reductive electrolyte decomposition with gas production, breaking the CEI/ SEIs, and progressively consuming sodium ions in electrolyte, leading to failure of the device. [89,126,[136][137][138][139][140][141] Electrode materials, for example, PBAs with high content of coordinated water, will cause side reactions with electrolyte and gas evolution. [142] Sodiumcompensating (presodiation) cathode additives, such as NaN 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , and NaNO 2 , can increase the initial coulombic efficiency and cathode capacity, however, might cause gas production upon charging.…”

“…The interplay among dendrite growth, short-circuiting, gas evolution, and thermal runaway is detrimental to the health of SIBs and should be carefully monitored using intelligent diagnostic tools. [125,126] Design of durable and safe SIBs should be implemented from electrodes and cells to packs. [21] Although sodium metal is softer than Li, and Na dendrite is less likely to pierce through separator, continuous cycling can still render growth of Na dendrites and short circuiting in SIBs.…”

“…The interplay among dendrite growth, short‐circuiting, gas evolution, and thermal runaway is detrimental to the health of SIBs and should be carefully monitored using intelligent diagnostic tools. [ 125,126 ] Design of durable and safe SIBs should be implemented from electrodes and cells to packs. [ 21 ]…”

Wide-temperature-range sodium-metal batteries: from fundamentals and obstacles to optimization

“…[17][18][19][20] However, the atomic weight and radius (1.02 Å) of Na + are larger than those of Li + , leading to a much lower energy density of SIBs than that of LIBs. [21][22][23][24][25][26] Therefore, searching for a suitable battery system is an important gateway to the large-scale application of SIBs. [27][28][29][30] Substantial efforts are being made to explore SIBs with high cycling stability, long lifespan and high energy density.…”

A covalent organic framework based on multi-carbonyl as anode material for lithium-organic batteries

“…Due to industrial pollution and increasingly serious energy issues, it is necessary to search for and develop green new energy sources [1][2] . In the last decade, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been applied in various energy storage devices.…”