Intelligent mobility: A model for assessing the safety of children traveling to school on a school bus with the use of intelligent bus stops

Abstract

The aim of the article is to develop a model for assessing the safety of children’s travel. Safety is the most important indicator describing the mobility system of children, even more important than the costs of operating it. Due to the dynamic development of intelligent solutions, it is possible to undertake additional activities supporting the improvement of children’s safety when traveling to and from school. However, their implementation requires an adequate assessment of a children’s mobility system. Currently, there are no solutions that could comprehensively support the decision-making process in this sphere. The article presents the issues of children’s mobility, a literature review in this area, mathematical model for assessing school bus travel, and a computational example. The presented approach is an original solution allowing for evaluation of the existing systems and their development scenarios. In addition, it enables the comparison of children mobility systems of different complexity and scale.

Probability of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus pathogens in long-distance passenger transport

“…For purposes of the methodology proposed for the determination of the probability of viral infection in transport services against the context of passenger or customer exposure in freight transport, the potential mechanisms of infection were identified for activities performed consecutively while providing the given service. Three possible virus transmission mechanisms have been taken into account: − Droplet transmission; − Surface/fomite contact; Burdzik, R., Archives of Transport, 68(4), [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]2023 − Skin contact -direct skin to skin contact with another person. For each transport service, adequate assumptions were adopted with regard to travelling time, distance, contact surfaces, and applicable regulations (Burdzik and Speybroeck, 2023).…”

“…In both cases, it is possible to transfer the pathogen by touching surfaces such as: money, the ticket itself. It can be assumed that the droplet transmision is limited in the case of ticekt office but when buying Archives of Transport, 68(4), [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]2023 personally by bus driver droplet transmission can occurred, but the contact time with the driver is short -we assume 1 minute. It is also possible to purchase a ticket in the online application or via the website, which eliminates the risk of transmission, because it does not require contact with another person or elements of infrastructure; − boarding: as the doors are currently automatically opens there is no need for the passenger to press the door release button.…”

“…The epidemic of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which very quickly turned into a global COVID-19 pandemic, has changed the behaviour of people around the world and the perception of safety, especially in public spaces (Esmailpour et al, 2022). In the case of transport, safety, previously considered in terms of human accidents (Graba et al, 2023) or cargo damage, has been perceived in the context of the risk of infection and epidemic threats since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic (Murawski et al, 2022). Transport also plays an important role in the aspect of the epidemic.…”

“…Burdzik, R., Archives of Transport, 68(4),[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] 2023 …”

Evaluation of the Reliability of the Shoulder and Knee Joint of the KPSIT C50 Dummy Adapted to Crash tests carried out at low speeds.

“…Tests performed with the use of dummies supply information what happens to each part of the human body when an accident occurs. Gerenal Motors' research on safety includes the search for new solutions and information on the safety of the driver, passengers, and especially children [1,2,3,4]. Anthropometric dummies are expected to be highly accurate and reliable when performing crash tests.…”