Intelligent metasurface with frequency recognition for adaptive manipulation of electromagnetic wave

Abstract

Due to the strong ability of recognizing electromagnetic (EM) environment and adaptively control of EM waves, the intelligent metasurfaces have received great attention recently. However, the intelligent metasurface with frequency recognition for adaptive manipulation of the EM waves has not been studied. Here, we propose a frequency-recognition intelligent metasurface to precisely control the spatial EM waves under the agile frequencies with the help of a real-time radio-frequency sensor and an adaptive feedback control system. An active meta-atom is presented to reach 2 bit phase coding and 1 bit amplitude coding capacities to control the amplitude and phase independently. Experimental results demonstrate that the metasurface can recognize different frequency of the incoming wave with very high resolution, and can adaptively realize the self-defined multiple frequency agilities to manipulate the reflected EM waves without any human participation. As example, the intelligent metasurface with frequency recognition can adaptively operate wave absorption at 5.36 GHz, reflection to normal direction at 5.38 GHz, deflection to −30° at 5.40 GHz, random diffusion at 5.42 GHz, and deflection to +33° at 5.44 GHz by detecting the incoming frequency at the resolution of 0.02 GHz.

Independent Manipulations of Transmitting and Receiving Channels by Nonreciprocal Programmable Metasurface

“…Programmable metasurfaces have huge capability to control the spatial EM beams in real time, − since the EM features of the unit cells can be manipulated by external DC voltages in a programmable way. Generally, the programmable metasurfaces can be broadly classified into two categories: reflection type , and transmission type. − The reflection-type design is limited by the presence of blocking effects, and both types exhibit disadvantages of high profile. As a result, the architecture of integrated programmable metasurfaces , has emerged as a subject of considerable interests among researchers, as it offers a solution to overcome these drawbacks.…”

Dynamic radar jamming metasurface with amplitude and phase modulation

“…In 2022, Wang et al proposed an intelligent metasurface based on frequency recognition, which uses real-time radio frequency sensors and an adaptive feedback control system to precisely control space EM waves at agile frequencies. An active meta-atom is presented to control amplitude and phase independently [23]. With both amplitude and phase modulation, better target stealth performance is expected to be achieved.…”

Electrically addressable integrated intelligent terahertz metasurface

“…By combining sensors into the programmable metasurface, intelligent metasurfaces that can adjust their functionality according to the surrounding environment have been created. Intelligent metasurfaces, especially those enhanced by artificial intelligence algorithms, have exhibited powerful capability in the flexible manipulation of electromagnetic waves, as demonstrated by self-adaptive cloaking, intelligent beam steering, and monitoring vital signs (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). Because of technical limitations, most current intelligent metasurfaces work in microwave frequencies.…”