“…Public-private partnerships have been widely adopted in sewage treatment, and the operational models and features of national demonstrations play a crucial role in reducing the volume of urban sewage treatment, supporting efficient and cross-regional sewage treatment [ 13 ]. The development of intelligent detection and artificial intelligence technologies has significantly improved the automation and intelligence of optimization setting technologies for future urban sewage treatment processes [ 14 , 15 ]. This trend has significantly improved the personnel's “intelligent” operation capability [ 16 ].…”