Intelligent Control of Battery Energy Storage for Multi-Agent Based Microgrid Energy Management

Abstract

Microgrids can be considered as controllable units from the utility point of view because the entities of microgrids such as distributed energy resources and controllable loads can effectively control the amount of power consumption or generation. Therefore, microgrids can make various contracts with utility companies such as demand response program or ancillary services. Another advantage of microgrids is to integrate renewable energy resources to low-voltage distribution networks. Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) can effectively compensate the intermittent output of renewable energy resources. This paper presents intelligent control schemes for BESSs and autonomous energy management schemes of microgrids based on the concept of multi-agent systems. The proposed control scheme consists of two layers of decision-making procedures. In the bottom layer, intelligent agents decide the optimal operation strategies of individual microgrid entities such as BESSs, backup generators and loads. In the upper layer, the central microgrid coordinator (MGCC) coordinates multiple agents so that the overall microgrid can match the load reduction requested by the grid operator. The proposed control scheme is applied to Korea Power Exchange's Intelligent Demand Response Program.

MAS-Based Distributed Coordinated Control and Optimization in Microgrid and Microgrid Clusters: A Comprehensive Overview

“…All of these agents can be coordinated by MGCC, when the load agent sends a command signal, the MGCC informs the related agents in the MG [160]. During the whole process, the communication and coordination are the most important factors and the whole decision-making process follows the contact net protocol [161]. Two level control block diagram of an agent is shown in Fig.…”

Optimal Energy Management of Multi-Microgrids with Sequentially Coordinated Operations

“…Energy management of microgrid(s) has received tremendous interest. Multi-agent system-based operation is one of practical solutions for electric energy management of microgrid(s); this has been applied in islanded mode [3] and [4] and grid-connected mode [5][6][7][8]. However, our interest in this paper is concentrated on the optimal operation of energy management in multi-microgrids as defined in [9].…”

A Two-stage Optimal Network Reconfiguration Approach for Minimizing Energy Loss of Distribution Networks Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

“…Consequently, an energy management system (EMS) is essential in the system operation stage in microgrids [5][6][7]. To increase operating efficiency, the network reconfiguration and phase balancing approach, which is one of the functions in EMS, has been adopted to minimize power loss and improve voltage quality.…”