Intelligence and Emotional/Behavioral Factors as Correlates of Achievement in Child Psychiatric Inpatients

Finch, A. J.; Blount, Ronald L.; Saylor, Conway F.; Wolfe, Vicky V.; Pallmeyer, Thomas P.; Intosh, Julia A. Mc; Griffin, Jean; Carek, Donald J.

doi:10.2466/pr0.1988.63.1.163

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Reviews of LOC × academic achievement studies have shown internality to be associated with higher average grades and achievement test scores ( Findley and Cooper, 1983 ; Kalechstein and Nowicki, 1997 ). In some instances, the LOC achievement association remained significant even when IQ scores were controlled for ( Ollendick and Ollendick, 1976 ; Brown, 1980 ; Finch et al, 1988 ). Past research suggests that LOC orientation precedes academic achievement rather than vice versa ( Stipek, 1980 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Prenatal Internal Locus of Control Is Positively Associated with Offspring IQ, Mediated through Parenting Behavior, Prenatal Lifestyle and Social Circumstances

et al. 2017

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Locus of control (LOC) is a measure that identifies the likelihood as to whether an individual considers what happens to him is largely a matter of luck or fate (known as externally oriented) or whether it is something that the individual can influence (internality). Here we have used data collected as part of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) to determine the associations between the mothers’ LOC orientation before the birth of the child and her child’s cognition measured at age 8. Using results from 6801 children we show that maternal internal LOC is associated with increased ability in offspring IQ, as measured using the WISC, with children of internally oriented mothers having an advantage of approximately 7 IQ points at age 8. As a sensitivity analysis we used the IQ test results of a sample of 986 preschool children tested using the WPSSI at age 4. A similar advantage was found among the offspring of the internally oriented mothers. We investigated mechanistic explanations for these results firstly by determining the extent to which three separate sets of factors known to be influenced by the LOC orientation might explain these findings. We showed that (a) perinatal life-style exposures, (b) parenting attitudes and strategies and (c) socio-economic circumstances, largely explain the mechanism through which the internality of the mother influences the cognition of the child. Similar effects were found using the smaller sample tested at age 4. The results indicate that efforts made to foster internality in adolescents and young adults prior to parenthood may result in improvements in the cognitive development of the next generation. Intervention studies are urgently needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Prenatal Internal Locus of Control Is Positively Associated with Offspring IQ, Mediated through Parenting Behavior, Prenatal Lifestyle and Social Circumstances

et al. 2017

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“…The STAIC has been used by psychologists, educators, sports scientists, and others in a variety of ways, such as adaptation or standardization procedures (e.g., Bauermeistez, Colon-Fumero, Villamil-Forastieri, & Spielberger, 1986; Brook & Knapp, 1976; Cross & Huberty, 1993; Day, Knight, El-Nakadi, & Spielberger, 1986; Finch, Kendall, & Montgomery, 1976; Gaudry & Poole, 1975; Hedl & Papay, 1982; Soga, 1983). The STAIC has also been used as a criterion to test the validity and reliability of other instruments (e.g., Nunn, 1988; Nunn, Parish, & Worthing, 1983; Reynolds, 1980; Silverman, Fleisig, Rabian, & Peterson, 1991) and employed as a psychodiagnostic tool for measuring anxiety variables (e.g., Alpert-Gillis, 1990; Finch, Blount, Saylor, & Wolfe, 1988; Fisher, Allen, & Kose, 1996; Hodges, 1990; Houston, Fox, & Forbes, 1984; Kane & Kendall, 1989). The purpose of this study was to validate the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) in the Greek population.…”

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confidence: 99%

Reliability and Validity of the Greek Version of the STAIC

Psychountaki

Zervas

Karteroliotis

et al. 2003

European Journal of Psychological Assessment

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Summary: This study describes the adaptation of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC; Spielberger, Edwards, Lushene, Montuori, & Platzek, 1973 ) to the Greek population. It was hypothesized that the STAIC would be able to measure children's state-trait anxiety levels. In the initial phase, a sample of 100 children, aged 9-12 years, was used in order to shape the final form of the inventory. In the final phase, two different samples (N = 875), aged 9-12 years, were used to test the validity and reliability of the inventory, using exploratory (Sample A; n = 425) and confirmatory (Sample B; n = 450) factor analyses. The results indicated that both scales possessed an acceptable internal consistency and reliability. The factor analysis in the total of the items indicated three factors, that is “absence of state anxiety,” “presence of state anxiety,” and “trait anxiety.” Also, confirmatory factor analysis (AMOS; Arbuckle, 1997 ) verified three factors. It is therefore concluded that the scales have a multifactorial structure and can be used among the Greek population to examine children's state and trait anxiety levels.

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