Intelligence and educational achievement

Deary, Ian J.; Strand, Steve; Smith, Pauline; Fernandes, Cres

doi:10.1016/j.intell.2006.02.001

Cited by 1,420 publications

(1,155 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Faster growth of the brain and central nervous system resulting in earlier motor development in infancy (Malina 2004) may have far-reaching effects on cognitive reserve capacity in older age , which might partly explain the finding of our study. Although adjustment for educational attainment did not notably attenuate the associations in the present study, the results of the other studies might suggest that earlier motor development in infancy may increase opportunities to attain higher educational achievements in later life (Taanila et al 2005) which are further associated with better cognitive performance (Deary et al 2007). Earlier motor development together with faster maturation of basic neural circuits may lead to more favorable development of brain neural circuits which are involved in higher cognitive processes in later life .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Infant motor development and cognitive performance in early old age: the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study

Poranen-Clark

Bonsdorff

Lahti

et al. 2015

AGE

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Motor development and cognitive development in childhood have been found to be fundamentally interrelated, but less is known about the association extending over the life course. The aim of this study was to examine the association between early motor development and cognitive performance in early old age. From men and women belonging to the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study, who were born between 1934 and 1944 and resided in Finland in 1971, 1279 participated in cognitive performance tests (CogState®, version 3.0.5) between 2001 and 2006 at an average age of 64.2 years (SD 3.0). Of these, age at first walking extracted from child welfare clinic records was available for 398 participants. Longer reaction times in cognitive tasks measuring simple reaction time (SRT), choice reaction time (CRT), working memory (WM), divided attention (DA), and associated learning (AL) indicated poorer cognitive performance. Adjustment was made for sex, age at testing, father's occupational status and own highest attained education, and occupation in adulthood. Average age of learning to walk was 12.2 months (SD 2.1). After adjusting for covariates, earlier attainment of learning to walk was associated with shorter reaction times in cognitive performance tasks (SRT 10.32 % per month, 95 % CI 0.48-21.12, p=0.039; CRT 14.17 % per month, 95 % CI 3.75-25.63, p= 0.007; WM 15.14 % per month, 95 % CI 4.95-26.32, p=0.003). People who learned to walk earlier had better cognitive performance in early old age. The earlier attainment of motor skills may track over to early old AGE (2015)

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Infant motor development and cognitive performance in early old age: the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study

Poranen-Clark

Bonsdorff

Lahti

et al. 2015

AGE

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“…The PACT were designed to measure academic achievement, so the factor extracted may represent academic achievement. However, academic achievement and scores on tests of general intelligence are highly correlated (20)(21)(22)(23)(24), and it is plausible that the single factor extracted from the variability common to 4 moderately correlated subject-area achievement tests is related to the factor representing general intelligence that would be extracted from the subtests of a standard test of intelligence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation of Children's Dietary Reporting Accuracy to Cognitive Ability

Smith¹,

Baxter²,

Hardin³

et al. 2010

American Journal of Epidemiology

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A validation study of children's dietary reporting provided an opportunity to investigate whether cognitive ability is a source of systematic error in dietary recalls. From the fall of 2004 through the spring of 2007, fourth-grade children (n ¼ 374) in Columbia, South Carolina, were observed eating school meals and interviewed to obtain 24-hour dietary recalls; subsequently, measures of dietary reporting error were calculated. The common factor extracted from 4 subject-area achievement tests (scores on which were provided by the school district for 362 children) was used as a measure of cognitive ability. For the 325 children who reported school meals that met the criteria to be reports about school meals, as cognitive ability increased, dietary reporting error decreased; the relation between cognitive ability and dietary reporting performance was stronger among girls than among boys. The mean cognitive ability for 37 children who reported no meals that satisfied the criteria for being reports about school meals was significantly lower than that for the 325 children who reported meals that satisfied these criteria. These findings indicate that cognitive ability is a source of systematic error in children's dietary recalls. More generally, the quality of epidemiologic survey data may depend systematically on the cognitive ability of respondents.bias (epidemiology); child; diet surveys; intelligence; mental recall Abbreviation: PACT, Palmetto Achievement Challenge Tests.Much of epidemiologic data consists of individuals' selfreports about past behaviors. In national health surveys, research questionnaires, and clinical assessment instruments, individuals are asked to report about such behaviors as dietary intake, physical activity, medical visits, and use of mobile telephones.Error in self-reports about these behaviors may be random or systematic. Larger random errors reduce the power of studies to detect relations between reported behaviors and outcomes (e.g., between reported intake of some food and health status); systematic errors may exaggerate or mask relations (1, 2). Systematic error may be associated with, and therefore predictable from, stable characteristics of respondents. For example, the accuracy of dietary and physical activity self-reports is related to such personality characteristics as social desirability and social approval motivation (3-5).To answer questions about past behaviors accurately, an individual must retrieve appropriate information from memory and utilize that information to formulate responses.Memory is a component of cognitive ability (6), so reporting accuracy may be related to cognitive ability, and cognitive ability may be a source of systematic error in epidemiologic data.There is little published research on the relation between cognitive ability and dietary reporting accuracy in either children or adults, and the results of extant research are mixed. Some studies of adults have examined the relation of dietary reporting accuracy to educational attainment, a rough proxy for c...

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“…Total Army General Technical Test results were strongly correlated with information subtest scores (r=0.74, 95% CI 0.73-0.76), block design scores (r=0.51, 95% CI 0.49-0.55) and overall results (r=0.74, 95% CI 0.73-0.76) from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Mean age at army entry when IQ was assessed was 20.4 years (range [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following indicators were used to form a latent trait of metabolic syndrome: systolic blood pressure, BMI, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, glucose and hypertensive medications. The explicit hypothesis tested was that latent general mental ability influenced the latent metabolic syndrome trait and that some of that effect was mediated via education, a close correlate of IQ [26]. The measurement models (for the latent traits) and the structural model (the path part of the model) are given in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-morbid intelligence, the metabolic syndrome and mortality: the Vietnam Experience Study

et al. 2008

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Aims/hypothesis We examined the relationship between pre-morbid intelligence quotient (IQ) and the metabolic syndrome, and assessed the role of the metabolic syndrome as a mediating factor in the association of IQ with total and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Methods In this cohort study, 4,157 men with IQ test results from late adolescence or early adulthood [mean age (range) 20.4 (16-30) years] attended a clinical examination in middle-age [38.3 (31-46) years] at which the components of the metabolic syndrome were measured. They were then followed for 15 years to assess mortality. Results In age-adjusted analyses, IQ was significantly inversely related to four of the five individual components comprising the metabolic syndrome: hypertension, high BMI, high triglycerides and high blood glucose, but not low HDLcholesterol. After controlling for a range of covariates that included socioeconomic position, higher IQ scores were associated with a reduced prevalence of the metabolic syndrome itself (odds ratio 1 SD increase in IQ 0.87, 95% CI 0.78-0.98). Structural equation modelling revealed that education was not a mediator of the relationship between IQ and the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome partially mediated the relationship between IQ and CVD but not that between IQ and total mortality. Conclusions/interpretation In this cohort, higher scores on a pre-morbid IQ test were associated with a lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and most of its components. The metabolic syndrome was a mediating variable in the IQ-CVD relationship. Diabetologia (2008) 51:436-443

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Intelligence and educational achievement

Cited by 1,420 publications

References 15 publications

Infant motor development and cognitive performance in early old age: the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study

Infant motor development and cognitive performance in early old age: the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study

Relation of Children's Dietary Reporting Accuracy to Cognitive Ability

Pre-morbid intelligence, the metabolic syndrome and mortality: the Vietnam Experience Study

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