Intellectual Property Rights, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Freedom

Abstract

The relationship between intellectual property rights (IPR) protection and foreign direct investment (FDI) continues to pose a challenging puzzle. While several studies have found that these two variables are positively correlated, others have not been able to find conclusive results. We contend that a partial explanation resides on institutional differences among host countries. We find that increases in IPR protection encourage FDI in countries in which the institutional environment, as proxied by indices of economic freedom, is efficient but not otherwise. We use threshold regression techniques on samples ranging from 81 to 102 countries during the 1990 - 2010 period.

Legal Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage and Heilongjiang Local Development

“…The protection of cultural heritage is very important, which marks the transformation of the intangible cultural heritage in Heilongjiang Province from the declaration of equal emphasis on protection and protection, and also marks the gradual standardization of the protection of intangible cultural heritage. The introduction of these policies provides a powerful guarantee for the development of the protection of intangible cultural heritage in Heilongjiang Province [18].…”

Can licensing induce productivity? Exploring the IPR effect

“…As Maskus et al (2005) note, MNEs have the choice to transfer technology through FDI or licensing. This transfer of technology may be enhanced (or reduced) by various factors and conditions such as the institutional capacity of the host country and the country's legal structure and IPR (Yang and Maskus (2001) and Canavire et al (2017)); this last factor raises the cost of imitation in the host country; thus, it increases both modes of entry. Moreover, as argued by Yang and Maskus (2001), increasing IPR allows for higher levels of licensing since it is easier to enforce existing contracts.…”