Intellectual property protection of plant biotechnology inventions

Sechley, Konrad A.; Schroeder, Hans G.

doi:10.1016/s0167-7799(02)02050-4

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The number of characterized tissue-preferred URSs from monocot plants is less than those from dicot plants [ 42 ]. In addition, many of these tissue-preferred URSs have been patented, limiting their use in biotechnology crop modification [ 43 , 44 ]. Our data provides additional resources to further characterize novel URSs for tissue-preferred expression of targeted genes which will benefit crop breeding approaches that use transgenic techniques.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and molecular characterization of tissue-preferred rice genes and their upstream regularly sequences on a genome-wide level

et al. 2014

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BackgroundGene upstream regularly sequences (URSs) can be used as one of the tools to annotate the biological functions of corresponding genes. In addition, tissue-preferred URSs are frequently used to drive the transgene expression exclusively in targeted tissues during plant transgenesis. Although many rice URSs have been molecularly characterized, it is still necessary and valuable to identify URSs that will benefit plant transformation and aid in analyzing gene function.ResultsIn this study, we identified and characterized root-, seed-, leaf-, and panicle-preferred genes on a genome-wide level in rice. Subsequently, their expression patterns were confirmed through quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) by randomly selecting 9candidate tissue-preferred genes. In addition, 5 tissue-preferred URSs were characterized by investigating the URS::GUS transgenic plants. Of these URS::GUS analyses, the transgenic plants harboring LOC_Os03g11350 URS::GUS construct showed the GUS activity only in young pollen. In contrast, when LOC_Os10g22450 URS was used to drive the reporter GUS gene, the GUS activity was detected only in mature pollen. Interestingly, the LOC_Os10g34360 URS was found to be vascular bundle preferred and its activities were restricted only to vascular bundles of leaves, roots and florets. In addition, we have also identified two URSs from genes LOC_Os02G15090 and LOC_Os06g31070 expressed in a seed-preferred manner showing the highest expression levels of GUS activities in mature seeds.ConclusionBy genome-wide analysis, we have identified tissue-preferred URSs, five of which were further characterized using transgenic plants harboring URS::GUS constructs. These data might provide some evidence for possible functions of the genes and be a valuable resource for tissue-preferred candidate URSs for plant transgenesis.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-014-0331-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and molecular characterization of tissue-preferred rice genes and their upstream regularly sequences on a genome-wide level

et al. 2014

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“…A novel plant should be discrete from existing varieties with distinctive features in morphological or biochemical characters (Kjeldgaard and Marsh 1994) and a vegetatively propagated clone bearing a genetic mutation with identical heredity and have characteristics for PP (Blair 1999). Thus, PPs protect asexually reproduced plants including ornamental and fruit-bearing trees (Sechley and Schroeder 2002).…”

Section: Plant Patent (Pp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intellectual property rights (IPRs) for plant breeders: a review on theoretical framework and employment of DNA-based varietal authentication for claiming IPR

et al. 2018

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Plant patents (PPs) and Plant Breeders' Rights (PBR) are two forms of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) granted to improved novel crop varieties. The government of the state of authority issues PPs and PBR after confirming the uniqueness of varietal identity. The uniqueness relies on distinctiveness, uniformity, and stability of the new variety. Morphological, physiological and biochemical descriptors are less capable in varietal discrimination to obtain IPR in the presence of large number of closely related varieties as the reference collections, but advanced molecular tools such as DNA fingerprinting and sequencing have high potentials to detect the uniqueness. DNA fingerprinting and sequencing have identified varietal identities of many crops such as rice, apple, wheat, and soybean revealing the potential of the successful use of molecular descriptors in granting patents or PBR. The novelty verification is the first step in the process of allowing patents or PBRs. The patent or plant variety protection office requires an application from the breeder that includes all the details of the plant variety fulfilling all statutory requirements to grant varietal ownership via a patent certificate or a plant variety protection certificate. Currently, Sri Lanka has no developed system of IPRs to allow PBR or patents for improved crop varieties. The efforts made by breeders in developing novel varieties can be justified and appreciated by granting plant varietal ownerships. For this purpose, molecular descriptors must be used instead of inefficient morphological, physiological and biochemical characters to avoid ambiguities and to clearly define the inventor of a particular variety.

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“…TRIPs is a key international agreement promoting the harmonization of national IPR regimes (Ng'etich, 2005). TRIPs states that patents shall be available for any inventions whether products or processes, in all fields of technology, provided that they are new, involve an inventive step and are capable of industrial application (Sechley and Schroeder, 2002). Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) are a particular aspect of property covering 'all things which emanate from the exercise of the human brain' (Walden, 1998).…”

Section: Relation Between the Convention On Biological Diversity (Cbdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intellectual property protection in the natural product drug discovery, traditional herbal medicine and herbal medicinal products

Kartal

2006

Phytotherapy Research

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Traditional medicine is an important part of human health care in many developing countries and also in developed countries, increasing their commercial value. Although the use of medicinal plants in therapy has been known for centuries in all parts of the world, the demand for herbal medicines has grown dramatically in recent years. The world market for such medicines has reached US $ 60 billion, with annual growth rates of between 5% and 15%. Researchers or companies may also claim intellectual property rights over biological resources and/or traditional knowledge, after slightly modifying them. The fast growth of patent applications related to herbal medicine shows this trend clearly. This review presents the patent applications in the field of natural products, traditional herbal medicine and herbal medicinal products. Medicinal plants and related plant products are important targets of patent claims since they have become of great interest to the international drug and cosmetic industry.

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Intellectual property protection of plant biotechnology inventions

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

Identification and molecular characterization of tissue-preferred rice genes and their upstream regularly sequences on a genome-wide level

Identification and molecular characterization of tissue-preferred rice genes and their upstream regularly sequences on a genome-wide level

Intellectual property rights (IPRs) for plant breeders: a review on theoretical framework and employment of DNA-based varietal authentication for claiming IPR

Intellectual property protection in the natural product drug discovery, traditional herbal medicine and herbal medicinal products

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