“…Depending on when countries began allowing drugs to be patented, 1 The immense literature on IP in bilateral trade agreements includes el Said (2007), Fink and Reichenmiller (2005), Krikorian and Szymkowiak (2007). Kuanpoth (2008), Mercurio (2006), Morin (2006Morin ( , 2009, Osgood and Feng (2017), Roffe and Spennemann (2006), Sell (2007Sell ( , 2010b, Seuba (2013), Shadlen (2005Shadlen ( , 2009, , Townsend et al (2018), von Braun (2012). TRIPS-Plus provisions will have different effects.…”