Intellectual disability and the prison setting

Tort, V.; Dueñas, Rosa; Vicens, Enric; Zabala, Carmen; Martínez, Marta de las Heras; Romero, Denny Moraima

doi:10.4321/s1575-06202016000100004

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This phenomenon is not solely an American problem ( Cockram et al , 1998 ). , with similar values being reported in Spain (Tort et al , 2016), Wales (Hayes and McIlwain, 1988), England (Hayes et al , 2007; Murphy et al , 2017), Ireland (Gulati et al , 2018), Norway (Sondenaa et al , 2005) and Australia (Brolan and Hurley, 2018). If one accepts the midpoint prevalence estimate of 7%, this would suggest that the number of individuals with intellectual disability currently in prisons and jails exceeds expectations by about 700%!…”

supporting

confidence: 71%

Persons with intellectual disability in prison

Spreat¹

2020

JIDOB

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the prevalence with which individuals with intellectual disability are housed in jails and prisons. Design/methodology/approach This was a literature review of individuals with intellectual disability who are in prison. Findings Persons with intellectual disability are imprisoned approximately seven times more frequently than would be expected by their prevalence in the general population. Research limitations/implications Factors likely to contribute to this overrepresentation are reviewed, including need for supports and acquiescence of people with intellectual disability. Practical implications People who have intellectual disability do not receive needed supports and services in prison. Social implications Supports are needed to end this overreliance on prisons to support people who have intellectual disability. Originality/value The paper highlights the magnitude by which imprisonment exceeds the level that would be expected from population prevalence alone. It highlights the problems associated with insufficient funding and supports.

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supporting

confidence: 71%

Persons with intellectual disability in prison

Spreat¹

2020

JIDOB

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“…Individuals with intellectual disability form a significant minority in prisons worldwide. Tort et al (2016) found that in a sample of 398 Spanish prisoners, 3.77 per cent of those assessed measured an IQ below 70 (an IQ below 70 is considered part of the criteria for diagnosis of an intellectual disability by international classification systems). Søndenaa et al (2008) in a random sample of 143 Norwegian prisoners found that the prevalence of intellectual disability (IQ o 70) was 10.8 per cent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intellectual disability in Irish prisoners: systematic review of prevalence

Gulati

Murphy

Clarke

et al. 2018

IJPH

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While individuals with an intellectual disability form a significant minority in the worldwide prison population, their healthcare needs require specialist attention. In Ireland, services for prisoners with intellectual disabilities need development. However, there is little substantive data estimating prevalence of intellectual disabilities within the Irish prison system. Design We systematically review published data relating to the prevalence of intellectual disabilities in prisons in the Republic of Ireland. We searched four databases, governmental websites and corresponded with experts. Findings Little published data were elicited from searches except for one nationwide cross sectional survey which reflected a higher prevalence than reported in international studies. Studies from forensic mental health populations are narrated to contextualize findings. Value This study found that there is little data to accurately estimate the prevalence of intellectual disabilities in the Irish prison system and the limited data available suggests that this is likely to be higher than international estimates. We highlight the need for further research to accurately estimate prevalence in this jurisdiction, alongside the need to develop screening and care pathways for prisoners with an intellectual disability.

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“…Problem types are simple matching, analogies, classification, intersections and progressions. The short 12-item TONI-2 has been used in prison populations as part of a prevalence study to identify persons with an intellectual disability (Tort et al, 2016). TONI-4 is a test to measure intelligence, aptitude, abstract reasoning and problem-solving tasks with abstract, figural content.…”

Section: Diagnostic Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosing cognitive impairment in prisoners – a literature review

Catalano

Mason

Brolan

et al. 2020

JIDOB

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Purpose This literature review identifies instruments for diagnostic assessment of cognitive impairment in prison populations. The purpose of this paper is to promote procedures for early screening and identification of cognitive impairment using instruments appropriate to prisons. Design/methodology/approach A targeted literature review identified studies on screening and diagnostic assessment of adults in jails, prisons, police watch-houses (custody suites), rehabilitation facilities and forensic settings or community settings for offenders. Discriminant validity, suitability, reliability and feasibility of instruments in correctional and forensic settings are presented. Findings From 135 peer-reviewed articles relating to diagnostic assessment of cognitive impairment, 15 instruments were considered appropriate for use in prison settings. Research limitations/implications Selection of instruments for prison use considers suitability of the instrument(s) and clinical workforce capability. Cultural and gender validity of the instrument, its feasibility for use in the prison environment and cost and time to administer are also important. Using appropriate tools as part of a staged and targeted process in the screening and diagnosis of cognitive impairment is demonstrated by two case vignettes presented in this paper. As this was a desk review, the authors did not evaluate the instruments. Originality/value Identification of instruments that are suitable for diagnosis of cognitive impairment in forensic populations informs the rehabilitation of offenders with cognitive impairment in prison and upon release to probation and parole.

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Intellectual disability and the prison setting

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Persons with intellectual disability in prison

Persons with intellectual disability in prison

Intellectual disability in Irish prisoners: systematic review of prevalence

Diagnosing cognitive impairment in prisoners – a literature review

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