Integumentary System

Torrison, Jerry; Cameron, R. D. A.

doi:10.1002/9781119350927.ch17

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Tooth reduction is carried out on farms because piglets’ milk teeth are sharp and can cause lesions of the sows' udder and extensive facial injuries in other piglets when piglets fight to establish the teat order just after birth and to access teats later on (Fraser and Thompson, 1991; Torrison and Cameron, 2019). The goal of tooth reduction is to prevent or reduce the prevalence and severity of such lesions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welfare of pigs on farm

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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This scientific opinion focuses on the welfare of pigs on farm, and is based on literature and expert opinion. All pig categories were assessed: gilts and dry sows, farrowing and lactating sows, suckling piglets, weaners, rearing pigs and boars. The most relevant husbandry systems used in Europe are described. For each system, highly relevant welfare consequences were identified, as well as related animal-based measures (ABMs), and hazards leading to the welfare consequences. Moreover, measures to prevent or correct the hazards and/or mitigate the welfare consequences are recommended. Recommendations are also provided on quantitative or qualitative criteria to answer specific questions on the welfare of pigs related to tail biting and related to the European Citizen's Initiative 'End the Cage Age'. For example, the AHAW Panel recommends how to mitigate group stress when dry sows and gilts are grouped immediately after weaning or in early pregnancy. Results of a comparative qualitative assessment suggested that long-stemmed or long-cut straw, hay or haylage is the most suitable material for nest-building. A period of time will be needed for staff and animals to adapt to housing lactating sows and their piglets in farrowing pens (as opposed to crates) before achieving stable welfare outcomes. The panel recommends a minimum available space to the lactating sow to ensure piglet welfare (measured by live-born piglet mortality). Among the main risk factors for tail biting are space allowance, types of flooring, air quality, health status and diet composition, while weaning age was not associated directly with tail biting in later life. The relationship between the availability of space and growth rate, lying behaviour and tail biting in rearing pigs is quantified and presented. Finally, the panel suggests a set of ABMs to use at slaughter for monitoring on-farm welfare of cull sows and rearing pigs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welfare of pigs on farm

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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“…F. necrophorum is present in the mouth, upper respiratory, and gastrointestinal tract and is an opportunistic pathogen in humans and other species ( [47, 48]. In pigs, F. necrophorum can cause necrotic stomatitis and facial necrosis [49, 50]. The species of Neisseria involved could not be determined without ambiguity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial profiles of the oral, vaginal, and rectal mucosa and colostrum of periparturient sows

Piirainen,

König,

Husso

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The commensal microbiota influences the health, feeding efficiency, and reproductive performance of sows. The microbiota composition in the alimentary and genitourinary tracts and in colostrum/milk during pregnancy and lactation also impacts the developing microbiota and immune system of the piglets and subsequently their growth and health. Knowledge of the microbial compositions is important for evaluation of these effects and for discovering ways to improve the health and productivity of the sows. Oral, vaginal, and rectal mucosa were sampled from 32 sows of variable parity in late pregnancy on four commercial piglet-producing farms in Finland. Colostrum samples were taken within 6 hours of delivery of the first piglet. Microbial compositions were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Moderate differences in diversity and composition were observed between farms. The most abundant genera of the oral microbiota were Rothia, Moraxella, and Streptococcus. The rectal microbiota was dominated by Clostridium sensu stricto 1. Streptococcus was the most abundant genus in the vagina and colostrum. Differences in relative abundances of genera were detected between primiparous and multiparous sows. Some of these differences were detected across all the farms; in the multiparous sows, the relative abundances of Fusobacterium and Neisseria were lower in oral samples. Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Romboutsia, and Lachnospiraceae_UCG_007 were higher and Prevotella lower in rectal samples, and Streptococcus higher in colostrum samples. In vaginal samples, approximately half of the multiparous sows had significantly higher relative abundances of the genera Fusobacterium and Streptococcus than the primiparous sows. Among the differentially abundant taxa, F. necrophorum and F. nucleatum were identified in oral samples, Fusobacterium gastrosuis and Fusobacterium necrophorum in vaginal samples, and Streptococcus dysgalactiae in colostrum samples. Most of the differences were due to unidentified species within the respective genus. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the mucosal and colostrum microbiota of periparturient sows during normal production conditions on Finnish commercial farms, including potentially interesting differences in the relative abundances of several genera at different mucosal sites between sows of low and high parity.

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“…In the last 20 years, only two papers on demodicosis in pigs, both from Brazil, have been published [ 7 , 8 ]. Factors such as stress, poor husbandry and biosecurity conditions as well as inadequate nutrition have been implicated previously [ 7 , 25 ]. Regarding demodicosis in miniature pigs or in pig breeds kept as companion animals (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demodicosis in a Kunekune pig and molecular characterisation of porcine demodectic mites involved: a case report

Schwarz,

Herb,

Dürlinger

et al. 2024

Parasites Vectors

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Background In January 2021, a female 1-year-old Kunekune was presented at the University Clinic for Swine with severe reduction of the field of vision resulting in prolonged reaction time when targeting barriers, due to moderate to severe thickening of the skin around both orbits also affecting the eyelids. Methods Clinical examination revealed skin hyperplasia, nodular enlargement of the skin pores of the axillar and inguinal region. Ophthalmologists decided to remove parts of the thickened periocular skin, followed by histopathological examination. Results Once large amounts of demodectic mites were detected by histopathology, demodicosis could be diagnosed and treatment of the pig was started using sarolaner. Morphological and molecular analyses were performed. Histopathological and parasitological exams led to the aetiological diagnosis of demodicosis in the affected Kunekune pig. Severe skin lesions were revealed to be the consequence of an infestation with Demodex sp. Morphological analyses confirmed the involvement of D. phylloides. Molecular characterization indicated a Demodex species closely related to mites documented in wild boar - most probably D. phylloides for which no explicit sequences are available in GenBank yet. Treatment with sarolaner (2.6 mg/kg) resulted in a substantial regression of skin lesions, already detectable 1 month after first treatment. Conclusions Demodicosis is a very rare disease in pigs that is most probably related to an impaired immune response to the mites. Demodectic mange should be included in the list of differential diagnoses in cases of periocular alterations of the skin of pigs. Graphical Abstract

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Integumentary System

Cited by 8 publications

References 51 publications

Welfare of pigs on farm

Welfare of pigs on farm

Bacterial profiles of the oral, vaginal, and rectal mucosa and colostrum of periparturient sows

Demodicosis in a Kunekune pig and molecular characterisation of porcine demodectic mites involved: a case report

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