Integrity of the microalgal cell plays a major role in the lipolytic stability during wet storage

Balduyck, Lieselot; Stock, Thomas H.; Bijttebier, Sebastiaan; Bruneel, Charlotte; Jacobs, Griet; Voorspoels, Stefan; Muylaert, Koenraad; Foubert, Imogen

doi:10.1016/j.algal.2017.06.013

Cited by 30 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…As shown in Figure , a significant effect of the HPH treatment on the total FFA content in the biomass (expressed as g/100 g biomass) was seen when comparing the non‐disrupted sample with the least heavily treated HPH sample (400 bar − 1 pass), and this effect became more profound when the number of passes was increased. This is in accordance with the findings of Balduyck et al, who also observed an increase in FFA content after applying 3 passes at 1000 bar on Nannochloropsis oculata . It was hypothesized that lipolysis reactions are triggered by the damage to the cell or some parts of the cells caused by the HPH treatment.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The temperature of the sample may be such a lacking factor. Although cooling during the passes was applied, the samples still heated up, which could have an impact on the degree of damage to the cells and on the activity of the lipolytic enzymes …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FFA are especially problematic for high value applications because of the negative impact on flavor and nutritional value . Despite the significance of FFA formation for several applications, this effect of HPH treatments on FFA formation has only been reported by Balduyck et al and has not been investigated more thoroughly (e.g., the factors influencing FFA formation). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of HPH pressure and number of passes on the FFA content of Nannochloropsis sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Despite the positive effect of HPH on extraction efficiency, it also has been demonstrated that free fatty acids (FFA) are formed in Nannochloropsis oculata during and immediately after a HPH treatment (1000 bar, 3 passes) . FFA are deleterious for oil quality, especially for high value applications, but also for biodiesel applications when using alkali catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of High Pressure Homogenization on Free Fatty Acid Formation in Nannochloropsis sp.

Balduyck

Bruneel

Goiris³

et al. 2018

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Although Nannochloropsis lipids have many potential applications in biofuels and high value products, their extraction is limited by the tough cell wall of this species. High pressure homogenization (HPH) can be used to improve the extraction efficiency. However, this can possibly induce free fatty acid (FFA) formation, which has a negative impact on oil quality. In this study, the HPH pressure and number of passes are varied in a full factorial design to study the impact of these factors on FFA formation, lipid extraction efficiency, and fatty acid profile. It is found that substantial amounts of FFA are formed during HPH treatments when compared to the non‐disrupted biomass. The FFA formation is mostly influenced by the number of passes applied, which can explained by a combined effect of the longer time residing as a wet paste and the temperature increase during the treatment. The large amount of FFA formed during the least intensive HPH treatment is in contrast with only a slight increase of the lipid extraction efficiency, which indicates that minor damage to the cell is sufficient to induce lipolytic reactions. The relative fatty acid profile after HI extraction is not influenced by the HPH treatment. Practical Applications: These results have important implications for the application of HPH treatments on microalgae with the aim to improve the extraction efficiency. It is demonstrated that more intensive HPH treatments with several passes are necessary to improve the extraction efficiency of Nannochloropsis lipids. However, the least intensive HPH treatments (1 pass at 400 bar) already induced the formation of substantial amounts of FFA. Consequently, to produce a biomass with a low FFA content and a high lipid extraction efficiency, a compromise should thus be made. High pressure homogenization (HPH) can efficiently be used to improve the extraction effiency of interesting compounds from Nannochloropsis cells. However, this treatment also induces the formation of free fatty acids (FFA), which have a negative influence on oil quality.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Influence of High Pressure Homogenization on Free Fatty Acid Formation in Nannochloropsis sp.

Balduyck

Bruneel

Goiris³

et al. 2018

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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“…Disruption processes will affect the composition of the recoverable lipids: not only will TAGs be released from cells, but also polar lipids contained in cell membranes. In addition, during the disruption process, lipids may be transformed or degraded owing to local physical conditions (temperature, cavitation, shear rate), or by released enzymes (Balduyck et al, 2017). At the same time, the size of oil bodies contained initially in the cells may increase by coalescence, or may be reduced and dispersed (lipid droplets stabilised by polar components) in the aqueous phase by the shear forces.…”

Section: Microalgal Lipids and Cell Disruption Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical cell disruption of Parachlorella kessleri microalgae: Impact on lipid fraction composition

Rivera

Montalescot

Viau

et al. 2018

Bioresource Technology

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Samples of nitrogen-starved Parachlorella kessleri containing intact cells (IC), cells ground by bead milling (BM), and cells subjected to high-pressure cell disruption (HPD), together with their supernatants after centrifugation, were compared for granulometry and lipid profiles. The effects of disruption on the lipid profile and organisation were evaluated. The quantity of lipids available for extraction increased with disruption, and up to 81% could be recovered in supernatants after centrifugation, but a marked reorganization occurred. The proportion of amphiphilic free fatty acids and lysophosphatidylcholine increased during disruption due to their release or owing to lipid degradation by enzymes or physical conditions. This effect was more marked in HPD than in BM. Lipids contained in the aqueous phase, after disruption and centrifugation, were enriched in unsaturated fatty acids, BM leading to larger droplets than HPD. The larger liquid lipid droplet would be easier to recover in the following downstream processing.

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Stability of lipids during wet storage of the marine diatom Porosira glacialis under semi-preserved conditions at 4 and 20 °C

et al. 2020

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Cultivation of diatoms may help alleviate the pressure on wild fish stocks for marine nutrient availability in aquaculture feed and for human consumption. However, the lipids in microalgae biomass are easily deteriorated, both trough lipolysis and degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Proper storage conditions are therefore necessary to maintain the lipid quality. Additionally, the storage conditions must have a low cost and facilitate further processing of the biomass. In this study, we investigated the formation of free fatty acids, changes in lipid classes, and fatty acid composition of the psychrophilic marine diatom Porosira glacialis under storage. The wet biomass was stored for 14 days at 4 and 20 °C with either heat treatment, formic acid, or benzoic acid addition, and a control sample. Heat-treated and formic acid samples had the lowest rate of free fatty acid formation during storage. Mainly, polar lipids were hydrolyzed to free fatty acids and this occurred fastest at 20 °C. The fatty acid composition remained stable in heat-treated samples during storage, whereas a loss of PUFA was observed in the other treatments. The lack of effect from benzoic acid indicates that the loss of lipid quality stems from endogenous enzymes rather than exogenous organisms. Heat treatment and formic acid appeared to effectively reduce lipase activity, and potentially lipoxygenase and similar enzymes that affect the fatty acids. The low pH of the formic acid samples seems to have a negative effect on the PUFA content, in particular at 20 °C.

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Integrity of the microalgal cell plays a major role in the lipolytic stability during wet storage

Cited by 30 publications

References 46 publications

Influence of High Pressure Homogenization on Free Fatty Acid Formation in Nannochloropsis sp.

Influence of High Pressure Homogenization on Free Fatty Acid Formation in Nannochloropsis sp.

Mechanical cell disruption of Parachlorella kessleri microalgae: Impact on lipid fraction composition

Stability of lipids during wet storage of the marine diatom Porosira glacialis under semi-preserved conditions at 4 and 20 °C

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