Integrative taxonomy reveals two new cryptic species of Hyphessobrycon Durbin, 1908 (Teleostei: Characidae) from the Maracaçumé and middle Tocantins River basins, Eastern Amazon region

Abstract

Two new species, Hyphessobrycon frickei Guimarães, Brito, Bragança, Katz & Ottoni sp. nov. and H. geryi Guimarães, Brito, Bragança, Katz & Ottoni sp. nov., are herein described, based on seven different and independent species delimitation methods, and on molecular and morphological characters, making the hypothesis of these new species supported from an integrative taxonomy perspective. They belong to the “Rosy tetra” clade, which is mainly characterized by the presence of a dark brown or black blotch on the dorsal fin and the absence of a midlateral stripe on the body. These two new species are distinguished from the other members of this clade mainly by the arrangement, shape and color pattern of humeral and dorsal-fin spots, as well as by other characters related to scale counts and body pigmentation. The placement of the new species within the “Rosy tetra” clade was based on the combination of morphological character states mentioned above and corroborated by a molecular phylogenetic analysis using the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit 1. In addition, a new clade (here termed Hyphessobrycon copelandi clade) within the “Rosy tetra” clade is proposed based on molecular data, comprising H. copelandi, H. frickei sp. nov., H. geryi sp. nov. and a still undescribed species. Our results corroborate the occurrence of hidden species within the “Rosy tetra” clade, as suggested by previous studies.

Mitochondrial genomes of five Hyphessobrycon tetras and their phylogenetic implications

“…Brycon nattereri and Salminus brasiliensis clustered together but not with the Characidae species. H. pulchripinnis and H. sweglesi were classified together, while H. elachys , H. flammeus , and H. roseus were classified with other species of different genera and slightly away from the other fish of the same genus, which showed similarity to previous reports (Guimarães et al., 2019 , 2020 ). Although the species in Paracheirodon were classified together, Astyanax and Hyphessobrycon species were not classified together, indicating that there may be some problems with the basis of classification.…”

Postulating the Modality of Integrative Taxonomy in Describing the Cryptic Congener Pampus griseus (Cuvier) and Systematics of the Genus Pampus (Perciformes: Stromateidae)

“…Traditional taxonomic tools cannot provide a stand-alone platform to solve the taxonomic perplexity of pomfrets; hence, an integrative taxonomic approach that combines molecular, morphological, and ecological characters, which is successful in detecting cryptic species (Guimarães et al, 2020) and resolving the systematics (Katwate et al, 2020), was adopted. This study aimed at the following objectives, viz., (i) establish the identity of the cryptic congener hitherto indicated in the literature as Pampus sp.…”

Epinephelus rankini Whitley, 1945, a valid species of grouper (Teleostei, Perciformes, Epinephelidae) from Western Australia and southeast Indonesia

“…The parameters were Pmin = 0.001, Pmax = 0.1, setp = 10, X (relative gap width) = 1.5, Nb bins (for distance distribution) = 20 and genetic distance model = Kimura (K80). In addition, character-based DNA barcoding (CBB; Desalle et al 2005 ) was performed to delimit and diagnose species by specific nucleotide combinations within shared sites (for CBB details, see Bergmann et al 2009 , Ottoni et al 2019 , Guimarães et al 2020 ). Optimisation of nucleotide substitutions amongst lineages from Bayesian Inference topology used PAUP4 ( Swofford 1998 ).…”