Integrative study of microbial community dynamics and water quality along The Apatlaco River

Abstract

The aim of this study is to analyze the water quality parameters and bacterial diversity and thereby understand the effect of water quality on the microbial population structure in the river. The following parameters: total coliforms, chemical oxygen demand, harness, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, total dissolved solids, and temperature were analyzing along 17 sampling points in the river. The worst levels of pollution were 510 mg/L chemical oxygen demand, 7 mg/L nitrite, 45 mg/L nitrate, 2 mg/L dissolved oxygen, and 756 mg/L of total dissolved solids.Whole metagenome shotgun sequencing was performed at 4 key points along the river (P1,P7,P10 and P17), the first point had clean water and the other points were polluted, as a result of this pollution, the structure of microbial communities along the river have changed. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the most representative phyla with a relative abundance of 57 and 43% respectively for P1, 82 and 15% for P7, 69 and 27% for P10 and 87 and 10% for the last point P17. P1 is rich in microorganism such as Limnohabitans a planktonic bacterium very common in freshwater ecosystems. However, in P7, P10 and P17 are rich in opportunistic pathogens such as Acinetobacter Arcobacter and Myroides that endangers the health of around 1.6 million people which live around the area.These results elucidate the influence of the pollution on the microbial community and the likely effects on the health of the people around..

Functional Analysis of a Polluted River Microbiome Reveals a Metabolic Potential for Bioremediation

“…The following results only concern the microorganisms present in S1-S4 with the potential to carry out bioremediation strategies accordingly to the KEEG analysis. Previous research related to the taxonomy profile of the whole community present at every site can be found at Breton-Deval et al, [13]. Our results suggest that pollution is a selective pressure which enriches the polluted sites with microorganisms with the metabolic capacities to tolerate and transform the contamination (Figure 2b).…”

“…Daily, Apatlaco River receives 321 different discharges of wastewater from the manufacturing industry, domestic and agro-sector [13]. Our results showed that the water quality throughout the river is associated with the wastewater discharged sites (Table 1), ( Figure 2) according to a chi-square test of independence (X 2 (3, N = 24) = 10.86, p = 0124).…”

“…These microorganisms are vital to biogeochemical cycles and the self-purification capacity of the river [32]. Breton-Deval et al [13] explored the microbial communities throughout the Apatlaco River (S1, S2, S3, S4) and found that polluted sites (S2, S3, S4) are enriched in Acinetobacter, Arcobacter, Prevotella and Aeromonas, all potential opportunistic pathogens; while the cleanest site (S1) is rich in planktonic bacterium widespread in freshwater ecosystems such as Limnohabitans and Polaromonas. The summary of the metagenomic and bioinformatic analysis (Table 2) showed less genera assigned to the S1 than the other sites; perhaps the discharges enriched the sites S2-S4.…”

“…The river receives 321 wastewater discharges, of which 49% come from industrial activities, 42% from the domestic sector, and just 9% from farming. As a result of these discharges, the river contamination is highly heterogeneous with chemical and microbiological components that may represent an epidemiological risk for the surrounding population [13,14]. Hence, it is necessary to find a feasible solution to treat the river water which supports an approximate population of 824,579 inhabitants and is essential for regional development.…”

Hi-C deconvolution of a textile-dye degrader microbiome reveals novel taxonomic landscapes and link phenotypic potential to individual genomes

“…Historically, the ecosystems most scrutinized by metagenomic have been host-associated or environmental origin [2,3]. Among the aquatic ecosystems, two of the most neglected biomes involve freshwater and sediments metagenomes, despite the importance of microbial dynamics in the function of freshwater surface bodies [4]. Since 2010, 10,648 metagenomes have been uploaded to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Assembly database, 148 from freshwater environments, and 111 from sediments Often it is difficult to connect the ecological functions that take place in microbiomes with the specific biotypes that perform them.…”