Integrative studies on three new freshwater Amphileptus species (Ciliophora, Pleurostomatida) discovered in northern China

Zhang, Gongaote; Sheng, Yalan; Liu, Yujie; Cao, Xiao; Al‐Farraj, Saleh A.; Vďačný, Peter; Pan, Hongbo

doi:10.1007/s42995-022-00143-0

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Furthermore, Amphileptus piscinarius sp. nov. has fewer right kineties (24-28 vs. 45 in A. carchesii, 44-50 in A. paracarchesii) [15,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies based largely on morphology suggested monophyly for this group, and indeed species in this genus display a high degree of similarity, however, recent molecular work suggests a non-monophyly for the genus Amphileptus [37], with the sequences presented here not disputing those findings. Based on the recent molecular work and our present work [37,39], Amphileptus are divided into six subclades in the phylogenetic tree, and A. qingdaoensis is grouped with two Pseudoamphileptus species which causes Amphileptus to currently be labeled paraphyletic. Due to the lack of molecular information in amphileptids, paraphyly of Amphileptus is likely to be confirmed with the addition of further molecular data [46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…According to previous studies, the amphileptids are represented by five genera: Amphileptus Ehrenberg, 1830; Apoamphileptus Lin & Song, 2004; Amphileptiscus Song & Bradbury, 1998;Pseudoamphileptus Foissner, 1983; Opisthodon Stein, 1859. Amphileptus is the largest and oldest genus in the family Amphileptidae with a global distribution in a wide variety of habitats, usually free-swimming and typically gliding on the substrate [15,20,30,[35][36][37][38][39][40]. The species in Amphileptus might prefer to live in the vicinity of aquatic plants or eutrophic sites, and the abundance of these species recorded from samples collected in open water bodies is usually lower than in aquaculture water bodies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity of Pleurostomatid Ciliates: Morphology, Taxonomy and Molecular Phylogeny of Freshwater Isolates Found in a Northern China Wetland, with a Description of Two New Species

Zhang,

Liu,

Pan

et al. 2024

Diversity

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Ciliates of the order Pleurostomatida play essential functions in microbial food webs from a variety of habitats and have been thought to possess a high level of diversity. Due to undersampling and often absent molecular data, the actual diversity and phylogenetic relationships within this group remain unclarified. To help address this deficiency, a survey of freshwater pleurostomatid ciliates was undertaken in Lake Weishan Wetland, northern China. Here, two new Amphileptus species, Amphileptus sinicus sp. nov. and Amphileptus piscinarius sp. nov., were investigated using modern morphological and molecular techniques. Amphileptus sinicus sp. nov. is characterized by possessing a comparatively large cell size of 330–490 μm, contractile vacuoles on both ventral and dorsal margins, and 8–10 left and 42–61 right kineties. Amphileptus piscinarius sp. nov. is characterized by possessing a cell size of 140–210 μm, a large distinctly developed apical extrusome group, 3–4 contractile vacuoles on the ventral margin, and 6–8 left and 24–28 right kineties. Phylogenetic results based on the 18S rRNA gene data of these two species group them with other congeners, with these data suggesting the genus Amphileptus is paraphyletic.

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“…Furthermore, Amphileptus piscinarius sp. nov. has fewer right kineties (24-28 vs. 45 in A. carchesii, 44-50 in A. paracarchesii) [15,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity of Pleurostomatid Ciliates: Morphology, Taxonomy and Molecular Phylogeny of Freshwater Isolates Found in a Northern China Wetland, with a Description of Two New Species

Zhang,

Liu,

Pan

et al. 2024

Diversity

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“…Ciliates constitute a highly diverse group of protists, with over 8000 documented free-living species [15], and their evolutionary history can be traced back to approximately 1.1 billion years [16]. Given their remarkable species diversity, widespread distribution, and diverse nutritional preferences [17][18][19][20], ciliates have emerged as an ideal model for studying fundamental life processes in eukaryotes [21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the landscape of symbiotic diversity and distribution in unicellular ciliated protists

Zhang,

Xiao,

Lyu

et al. 2024

Microbiome

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Background The eukaryotic-bacterial symbiotic system plays an important role in various physiological, developmental, and evolutionary processes. However, our current understanding is largely limited to multicellular eukaryotes without adequate consideration of diverse unicellular protists, including ciliates. Results To investigate the bacterial profiles associated with unicellular organisms, we collected 246 ciliate samples spanning the entire Ciliophora phylum and conducted single-cell based metagenome sequencing. This effort has yielded the most extensive collection of bacteria linked to unicellular protists to date. From this dataset, we identified 883 bacterial species capable of cohabiting with ciliates, unveiling the genomes of 116 novel bacterial cohabitants along with 7 novel archaeal cohabitants. Highlighting the intimate relationship between ciliates and their cohabitants, our study unveiled that over 90% of ciliates coexist with bacteria, with individual hosts fostering symbiotic relationships with multiple bacteria concurrently, resulting in the observation of seven distinct symbiotic patterns among bacteria. Our exploration of symbiotic mechanisms revealed the impact of host digestion on the intracellular diversity of cohabitants. Additionally, we identified the presence of eukaryotic-like proteins in bacteria as a potential contributing factor to their resistance against host digestion, thereby expanding their potential host range. Conclusions As the first large-scale analysis of prokaryotic associations with ciliate protists, this study provides a valuable resource for future research on eukaryotic-bacterial symbioses.

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“…The class Litostomatea Small & Lynn, 1981 includes three major assemblages with two different lifestyles, the free‐living haptorians and rhynchostomatians, and the endocommensal trichostomatians. The free‐living species play crucial roles as predators, facilitating the transfer of material and energy in microbial food webs within their respective habitats (Lynn, 2008; Vďačný, 2015; Zhang, Sheng, et al., 2022). Members of the order Spathidiida Foissner & Foissner, 1988, the most species‐rich haptorian group, are commonly found in marine, limnetic, and terrestrial environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly divergent morphology but a close molecular phylogenetic relationship between two little‐known ciliate genera Actinobolina and Papillorhabdos (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Litostomatea) with description of two new species

Chi,

Tang,

Lei

et al. 2023

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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Free‐living litostomatean ciliates, prominent microeukaryote predators commonly encountered in freshwater and marine habitats, play vital roles in maintaining energy flow and nutrient cycles. Nevertheless, understanding their biodiversity and phylogenetic relationships remains challenging due to insufficient morphological information and molecular data. As a new contribution to this group, three haptorian ciliates, including two new species (Actinobolina bivacuolata sp. nov. and Papillorhabdos foissneri sp. nov.) and the insufficiently described type species, Actinobolina radians, were isolated from wetlands around Lake Weishan, China and investigated by a combination of living morphology, stained preparations, and 18S rRNA gene sequence data. An illustrated key of the valid species within the two genera is provided. In addition, we reveal the phylogenetic positions of these two genera for the first time. Although they differ in all key morphologic characters such as general appearance (ellipsoidal with numerous tentacles vs. cylindrical), extrusomes (stored in tentacles vs. anchored to pellicle), circumoral kinety (present vs. absent), composition of somatic kineties (kinetosome clusters vs. monokinetids), and number of dorsal brush rows (1 vs. 4), they both cluster in a fully supported clade in the phylogenetic tree, which indicates that the biodiversity and additional molecular markers of this group need further exploration.

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Integrative studies on three new freshwater Amphileptus species (Ciliophora, Pleurostomatida) discovered in northern China

Cited by 12 publications

References 45 publications

Diversity of Pleurostomatid Ciliates: Morphology, Taxonomy and Molecular Phylogeny of Freshwater Isolates Found in a Northern China Wetland, with a Description of Two New Species

Diversity of Pleurostomatid Ciliates: Morphology, Taxonomy and Molecular Phylogeny of Freshwater Isolates Found in a Northern China Wetland, with a Description of Two New Species

Exploring the landscape of symbiotic diversity and distribution in unicellular ciliated protists

Highly divergent morphology but a close molecular phylogenetic relationship between two little‐known ciliate genera Actinobolina and Papillorhabdos (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Litostomatea) with description of two new species

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