Integrative roles of nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide in melatonin‐induced tolerance of pepper (<scp><i>Capsicum annuum</i></scp> L.) plants to iron deficiency and salt stress alone or in combination

Nitric oxide (NO) is a hormone that connects numerous reactions in plant cells under normal and environmental stress conditions. The application of 100 μM NO as sodium nitroprusside (SNP; NO donor) applied individually or in combination with N or S in different combinations (i.e. 100 mg N or S kg −1 soil applied at the time of sowing [100 N + 100S] 0d or with split, 50 mg N or S kg −1 soil at the time of sowing and similar dose at 20 d after sowing [50 N + 50S] 0d + [50 N + 50S] 20d ) was tested to alleviate salt stress in mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Application of 100 μM NO plus split application of N and S more significantly promoted stomatal behavior, photosynthetic and growth performance in the absence of salt stress and maximally alleviated effects of salt stress through increased N-and S-use efficiency, proline and antioxidant system. The combined application of N and S at the time of sowing was lesser effective in promoting photosynthesis and growth under salt or no salt stress conditions in presence or absence of NO. The study suggests that salt stress effects on the photosynthetic performance are mitigated more efficiently when NO was applied together with the split application of N and S given at two stages, and the photosynthetic activity was promoted under salt stress through increased N and S assimilation and antioxidant system. This strategy may be adopted in agricultural system for overcoming salt stress effects on performance of mustard.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of nitric oxide supplemented with nitrogen and sulfur regulates photosynthetic performance and stomatal behavior in mustard under salt stress

Jahan

Alajmi

Rehman

et al. 2020

“…Kushwaha and Singh (2019) and Ahmad et al (2019) have reported various mechanisms through which H 2 S regulates chromium toxicity in crop plants. Regulatory roles of NO and H 2 S were reported for salt and drought stress, as well as iron deficiency in plants (Batista et al 2019, Gohari et al 2019, Jahan et al 2019, Kaya et al 2019a). The role of NO and H 2 S along with that of Si was evaluated for the regulation of cadmium stress in plants (Kaya et al 2019b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide signal integration and plant development under stressed/non‐stressed conditions

Singh

Tripathi

Fotopoulos

2020

In the past decade, hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and nitric oxide (NO) have emerged as major signaling molecules which are involved in most life cycle processes in plants, i.e. from seed germination to plant death. H 2 S and NOregulated development of plants requires integration of complex signaling networks and also involves other signaling pathways. Moreover, to re-establish cellular redox homeostasis under stress conditions, regulation of gene expression takes place, which helps in achieving an appropriate plant response. In this context, the most significant controls occur at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional and post-translational levels which help in acquiring adaptive changes in stress-challenged plants. Although various studies have demonstrated the role of H 2 S and NO in regulating a plethora of plant growth and development processes under stressed/nonstressed conditions, much remains to be elucidated regarding their roles in plant biology. Therefore, this special issue was organized to collect state-of-the-art plant research involving H 2 S and NO under changing environmental conditions. This special issue has collected seven reviews and 11 original research articles aimed at compiling a comprehensive status quo on the implication of H 2 S and NO signaling in plant biology.Review articles herein provide an up-to-date coverage of existing progress in this continuously growing research area. Prakash et al. (2019) have examined the role of NO and ROS (reactive oxygen species) in governing root system architecture in plants. Rai et al. (2019) have given an overview of NO and salicylic acid signaling towards acquired heat tolerance in plants. Paul and Roychoudhury (2019), Pandey and Gautam (2019) and Singh et al. (2019) have covered exhaustive current roles of H 2 S and NO in plants under changing environmental conditions. Finally, Sharma et al. (2019) and Shivaraj et al. (2019) have discussed molecular mechanisms and crosstalk of NO and H 2 S in metal stress tolerance. Research articles have covered diverse new roles of H 2 S and NO in regulating abiotic stress in plants. Kushwaha and Singh (2019) and Ahmad et al. (2019) have reported various mechanisms through which H 2 S regulates chromium toxicity in crop plants. Regulatory roles of NO and H 2 S were reported for salt and drought stress, as well as iron deficiency in plants (Batista et al. 2019, Gohari et al. 2019, Jahan et al. 2019, Kaya et al. 2019a). The role of NO and H 2 S along with that of Si was evaluated for the regulation of cadmium stress in plants (Kaya et al. 2019b). Muñoz-Vargas et al. (2019) have noticed inhibition of NADP-malic enzyme activity by H 2 S and NO in sweet pepper. Furthermore, the role of H 2 S was examined in regulating photosynthesis under overnight frost and daytime high light in avocado (Joshi et al. 2019). Finally, Kataria et al. (2019) have reported crucial role of nitrate reductase-dependent production of NO in regulating magnetopriming-induced salt tolerance in soybean.All together, this collection of articles pres...

“…In addition, catalase, which is an antioxidant enzyme located in peroxisomes, is targeted by both S ‐nitrosation and persulfidation as well (Begara‐Morales et al ). A recent study also suggests that both NO and H 2 S inhibit catalase activity and complement or antagonize each other in regulating H 2 O 2 content by regulating the antioxidant enzymes (Kaya et al ). Numerous studies have confirmed the functional parallelism of NO and H 2 S regulation in many physiological processes and in hostile environmental conditions such as abiotic and biotic stresses (Janicka et al , Muñoz‐Vargas et al ).…”

Section: Role Of No and H2s As Signaling Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide crosstalk during heavy metal stress in plants

Shivaraj

Vats

Bhat

et al. 2019

105

Gases such as ethylene, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) have been recognized as vital signaling molecules in plants and animals. Of these gasotransmitters, NO and H 2 S have recently gained momentum mainly because of their involvement in numerous cellular processes. It is therefore important to study their various attributes including their biosynthetic and signaling pathways. The present review provides an insight into various routes for the biosynthesis of NO and H 2 S as well as their signaling role in plant cells under different conditions, more particularly under heavy metal stress. Their beneficial roles in the plant's protection against abiotic and biotic stresses as well as their adverse effects have been addressed. This review describes how H 2 S and NO, being very small-sized molecules, can quickly pass through the cell membranes and trigger a multitude of responses to various factors, notably to various stress conditions such as drought, heat, osmotic, heavy metal and multiple biotic stresses. The versatile interactions between H 2 S and NO involved in the different molecular pathways have been discussed. In addition to the signaling role of H 2 S and NO, their direct role in posttranslational modifications is also considered. The information provided here will be helpful to better understand the multifaceted roles of H 2 S and NO in plants, particularly under stress conditions.