Integrative Risk Management

Bründl, Michael; Margreth, Stefan

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394849-6.00009-3

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 64 publications

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“…• Hazard zoning: complementation of existing cadasters and validation of the hazard zones (Bühler et al, 2018;Rudolf-Miklau et al, 2014) • Hazard mitigation measures: validation of effectiveness and planning of new infrastructure (Rudolf-Miklau et al, 2014;Margreth and Romang, 2010) • Forestry: identification of potential forest damage and examination of protective functions (Bebi et al, 2009;Feistl et al, 2015) • Risk management: categorization and understanding of the severity of events and estimation of cost-effective solutions (Fuchs et al, 2005;Bründl and Margreth, 2015) • Numerical simulations: validation of avalanche models (Christen et al, 2010;Sampl and Zwinger, 2004;Bühler et al, 2011) Nevertheless, information on avalanche occurrence is only available for limited areas and timespans. This means that most avalanche events are not reported and therefore not captured in any database or cadaster, and particularly within poorly accessible regions (Bühler et al, 2019).…”

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Mapping avalanches with satellites – evaluation of performance and completeness

Hafner¹,

Techel²,

Leinß³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. The spatial distribution and size of avalanches are essential parameters for avalanche warning, avalanche documentation, mitigation measure design and hazard zonation. Despite its importance, this information is incomplete today and only available for limited areas and limited time periods. Manual avalanche mapping from satellite imagery has recently been applied to reduce this gap achieving promising results. However, their reliability and completeness were not yet verified satisfactorily. In our study we attempt a full validation of the completeness of visually detected and mapped avalanches from optical SPOT-6, Sentinel-2 and radar Sentinel-1 imagery. We examine manually mapped avalanches from two avalanche periods in 2018 and 2019 for an area of approximately 180 km2 around Davos, Switzerland relying on ground- and helicopter-based photographs as ground truth. For the quality assessment, we investigate the Probability of Detection (POD) and the Positive Predictive Value (PPV). Additionally, we relate our results to conditions which potentially influence avalanche detection in the satellite imagery. We statistically confirm the high potential of SPOT for comprehensive avalanche mapping for selected periods (POD = 0.74, PPV = 0.88) as well as the reliability of Sentinel-1 for the mapping of larger avalanches (POD = 0.27, PPV = 0.87). Furthermore, we proof that Sentinel-2 is unsuitable for the mapping of most avalanches due to its spatial resolution (POD = 0.06, PPV = 0.81). Because we could apply the same reference avalanche events for all three satellite mappings, our validation results are robust and comparable. We demonstrate that satellite-based avalanche mapping has the potential to fill the existing avalanche documentation gap over large areas, making alpine regions safer.

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confidence: 99%

Mapping avalanches with satellites – evaluation of performance and completeness

Hafner¹,

Techel²,

Leinß³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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A conceptual model of avalanche hazard

Statham

Haegeli

Greene³

et al. 2017

Nat Hazards

114

112

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This conceptual model of avalanche hazard identifies the key components of avalanche hazard and structures them into a systematic, consistent workflow for hazard and risk assessments. The method is applicable to all types of avalanche forecasting operations, and the underlying principles can be applied at any scale in space or time. The concept of an avalanche problem is introduced, describing how different types of avalanche problems directly influence the assessment and management of the risk. Four sequential questions are shown to structure the assessment of avalanche hazard, namely: (1) What type of avalanche problem(s) exists? (2) Where are these problems located in the terrain? (3) How likely is it that an avalanche will occur? and (4) How big will the avalanche be? Our objective was to develop an underpinning for qualitative hazard and risk assessments and address this knowledge gap in the avalanche forecasting literature. We used judgmental decomposition to elicit the avalanche forecasting process from forecasters and then described it within a risk-based framework that is consistent with other natural hazards disciplines.

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Snow and Ice-Related Hazards, Risks, and Disasters

Haeberli

Whiteman

2021

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Integrative Risk Management

Cited by 9 publications

References 64 publications

Mapping avalanches with satellites – evaluation of performance and completeness

Mapping avalanches with satellites – evaluation of performance and completeness

A conceptual model of avalanche hazard

Snow and Ice-Related Hazards, Risks, and Disasters

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