Integrative risk management: The example of snow avalanches

Bründl, Michael; Margreth, Stefan

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817129-5.00002-0

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…In general, strategies for dealing with avalanche hazards include preventing the release of avalanches, influencing their paths, and avoiding hazardous areas [24]. Accidents can be prevented by controlling avalanches, by regulating human presence, and by placing structures outside avalanche paths.…”

Section: Prevention and Mitigation Of Avalanche Burialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Hypothermia in the Aftermath of Natural Disasters in Areas at Risk of Avalanches, Earthquakes, Tsunamis and Floods

Oshiro

Tanioka

Schweizer³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Throughout history, accidental hypothermia has accompanied natural disasters in cold, temperate, and even subtropical regions. We conducted a non-systematic review of the causes and means of preventing accidental hypothermia after natural disasters caused by avalanches, earthquakes, tsunamis, and floods. Before a disaster occurs, preventive measures are required, such as accurate disaster risk analysis for given areas, hazard mapping and warning, protecting existing structures within hazard zones to the greatest extent possible, building structures outside hazard zones, and organising rapid and effective rescue. After the event, post hoc analyses of failures, and implementation of corrective actions will reduce the risk of accidental hypothermia in future disasters.

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Section: Prevention and Mitigation Of Avalanche Burialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Hypothermia in the Aftermath of Natural Disasters in Areas at Risk of Avalanches, Earthquakes, Tsunamis and Floods

Oshiro

Tanioka

Schweizer³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…An severe event took place at the Pizzo Cengalo in 2017 where roughly 3 million m 3 of rock caused a large rock 5 avalanche, killing eight people and causing large debris flows reaching the village of Bondo at the valley bottom (Walter et al, 2020). Extreme avalanche winters such as 1999 (SLF, 2000) and again 2018 and 2019 (Bühler et al, 2019;Bründl et al, 2019; caused damage but thanks to well established protection strategies (Bründl and Margreth, 2021) only few victims. The Department for Forest and Natural Hazards AWN of the canton Grison developed hazard maps for the settled regions in collaboration with local engineering offices.…”

Section: Canton Grisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated avalanche hazard indication mapping on state wide scale

Bühler

Bebi

Christen

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. Snow avalanche hazard mapping has a long tradition in the European Alps. Hazard maps delineate areas of potential avalanche danger and are only available for selected areas where people and significant infrastructure are endangered. They have been created over generations, at specific sites, mainly based on avalanche activity in the past. For a large part of the area (90 % in the case of the Canton of Grisons) no maps are available. This is a problem when new territory with no or incomplete historical record is to be developed. It is an even larger problem when trying to predict the effects of climate change at the state scale where the historical record may no longer be valid. To close this gap, we develop an automated approach to generate spatial continuous hazard indication mapping based on a digital elevation model for the canton of Grisons (7105 km2) in the Swiss Alps. We calculate eight different scenarios with return periods ranging from frequent to very rare as well as with and without taking the protective effects of the forest into account. This approach combines the automated delineation of potential release areas, the calculation of release depths and the numerical simulation of the avalanche dynamics. This procedure can be applied worldwide, where high spatial resolution digital elevation models, detailed information on the forest and data on the snow climate are available, enabling reproducible hazard indication mapping also in regions where no avalanche hazard maps yet exist. This is invaluable for climate change studies. The simulation results are validated with official hazard maps, by assessments of avalanche experts and by existing avalanche cadastres derived from manual mapping and mapping based on satellite datasets. The results for the canton of Grisons are now operationally applied in the daily hazard assessment work of the authorities. Based on these experiences, the proposed approach can be applied for further mountain regions.

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“…Many authors explain how one of the frontiers in research is to examine multi-risk scenarios, because there are well-defined methodological approaches available for individual risks [10][11][12][13]. In contrast, the combination of river floods [14], coastal floods [15], landslides [16][17][18][19], snow avalanches [20][21][22], and volcanic [23][24][25], seismic [25][26][27][28][29], and meteorological [30][31][32] hazards [33] is still difficult to determine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrastructure Impact Assessment through Multi-Hazard Analysis at Different Scales: The 26 November 2022 Flood Event on the Island of Ischia and Debris Management

Cappucci,

Pollino,

Farrace

et al. 2024

Land

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A multi-hazard analysis (seismic, landslide, flood) is conducted to verify the impact on the road network. The ENEA CIPCast platform is an innovative Decision Support System (DSS) that is used to implement the analyses using GIS. Using analytical and geoprocessing tools, the hazards were assessed and mapped. The overlapping of different geospatial layers allowed the implementation of a specific hazard map for the road network. Multi-hazard values were obtained using an appropriate matrix of single values, which were classified, and then summarized into four classes of values. The analyses were conducted at the regional (Campania region), provincial (Metropolitan City of Naples), and local scales (island of Ischia and municipality of Casamicciola Terme). In particular, the landslide event that struck Ischia island on 26 November 2022 and the municipality of Casamicciola Terme was considered as a case study to determine the impact on the road network, infrastructures, buildings, and jeopardizing inter-municipal connections. The results are mainly visualized through map processing and statistical summaries of the data. The management of the landslide debris, which can contain a multitude of fractions (waste, biomass and vegetation, sludge, soil, and rocks transported downstream by water), was also explored. This is a frontier issue for which international manuals and guidelines, as well as national and emergency acts, have been examined. A specific protocol for the sustainable management of the debris generated by floods and landslides is needed, and discussed in the present paper, to overcome emergencies after catastrophic events.

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Integrative risk management: The example of snow avalanches

Cited by 10 publications

References 88 publications

Prevention of Hypothermia in the Aftermath of Natural Disasters in Areas at Risk of Avalanches, Earthquakes, Tsunamis and Floods

Prevention of Hypothermia in the Aftermath of Natural Disasters in Areas at Risk of Avalanches, Earthquakes, Tsunamis and Floods

Automated avalanche hazard indication mapping on state wide scale

Infrastructure Impact Assessment through Multi-Hazard Analysis at Different Scales: The 26 November 2022 Flood Event on the Island of Ischia and Debris Management

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