Integrative Analysis of Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Reveals Molecular Mechanisms of Anthocyanin Metabolism in the Zikui Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis cv. Zikui)

Cai, Jun; Lv, Litang; Zeng, Xiaofang; Zhang, Fen; Chen, Yulu; Tian, Wenxi; Lǐ, Jiànróng; Li, Xiangyang; Li, Yan

doi:10.3390/ijms23094780

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…During fruit development and coloring of Vitis vinifera , it was found that the activation of the flavonoid pathway resulting in the total flavonoid and anthocyanin accumulation had a strong correlation with the F3′H expression ( Jeong et al, 2006 ). Similar conclusions were drawn in Arabidopsis , Camellia sinensis , Sorghum bicolor , and other plants ( Forkmann and Martens, 2001 ; He et al, 2020a ; Cai et al, 2022 ; Hildreth et al, 2022 ). Interestingly, in Korean varieties of white, black, and red rice ( Oryza sativa ), 2 F3′Hs ( CYP75B3 and CYP75B4 ) showed different expression patterns.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Tartary buckwheat FtF3′H1 as a metabolic branch switch to increase anthocyanin content in transgenic plant

Yang

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Tartary buckwheat (TB) is a pseudocereal rich in flavonoids, mainly including flavonols and anthocyanins. The flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H) is a key enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis and is encoded by two copies in TB genome. However, its biological function and effects on flavonol and anthocyanin synthesis in TB have not been well validated yet. In this study, we cloned the full-length FtF3′H1 gene highly expressed in all tissues (compared with FtF3′H2) according to TB flowering transcriptome data. The corresponding FtF3′H1 protein contains 534 amino acids with the molecular properties of the typical plant F3′H and belongs to the CYP75B family. During the flowering stage, the FtF3′H1 expression was highest in flowers, and its expression pattern showed a significant and positive correlation with the total flavonoids (R2 > 0.95). The overexpression of FtF3′H1 in Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana tabacum and TB hairy roots resulted in a significant increase in anthocyanin contents (p < 0.05) but a decrease in rutin (p < 0.05). The average anthocyanin contents were 2.94 mg/g (fresh weight, FW) in A. thaliana (about 135% increase), 1.18 mg/g (FW) in tobacco (about 17% increase), and 1.56 mg/g (FW) TB hairy roots (about 44% increase), and the rutin contents were dropped to about 53.85, 14.99, 46.31%, respectively. However, the expression of genes involved in anthocyanin (DFRs and ANSs) and flavonol (FLSs) synthesis pathways were significantly upregulated (p < 0.05). In particular, the expression level of DFR, a key enzyme that enters the anthocyanin branch, was upregulated thousand-fold in A. thaliana and in N. tabacum. These results might be attributed to FtF3′H1 protein with a higher substrate preference for anthocyanin synthesis substrates. Altogether, we identified the basic biochemical activity of FtF3′H1 in vivo and investigated its involvement in anthocyanin and flavonol metabolism in plant.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Tartary buckwheat FtF3′H1 as a metabolic branch switch to increase anthocyanin content in transgenic plant

Yang

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Notably, petunidin 3- O -glucoside, which was less identified in purple leaf tea plants, was also identified. This result consistent with ‘Zikui’ purple tea cultivar [ 31 ]. Furthermore, most of anthocyanins were down-regulated in the ‘BTSC’ group ( Figure 2 ) and the total anthocyanin content was also lower than that of the ‘BTZY’ group ( Figure 3 H).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Characteristics of Tea Flavonoids and Caffeine Accumulation and Regulation between Chinese Varieties (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis) and Assam Varieties (C. sinensis var. assamica)

Tang

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

Genes

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Flavonoids and caffeine are the major secondary metabolites with beneficial bioactivity for human health in tea plants, and their biosynthesis pathway and regulatory networks have been well-deciphered. However, the accumulation traits of flavonoids and caffeine in different tea cultivars was insufficient in investigation. In this study, metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were performed to investigate the differences of flavonoids and caffeine accumulation and regulation between Chinese varieties, including the ‘BTSC’ group with green leaf, the ‘BTZY’ group with purple foliage, and the ‘MYC’ group comprising Assam varieties with green leaf. The results showed that most of the flavonoids were down-regulated in the ‘MYC’ group; however, the total anthocyanin contents were higher than that of the ‘BTSC’ group while lower than that of the ‘BTZY’ group. An ANS (Anthocyanin synthase) was significantly up-regulated and supposed to play a key role for anthocyanin accumulation in the ‘BTZY’ group. In addition, the results showed that esterified catechins were accumulated in the ‘BTSC’ and ‘BTZY’ groups with high abundance. In addition, SCPL1A (Type 1A serine carboxypeptidase-like acyltransferases gene) and UGGT (UDP glucose: galloyl-1-O-β-d-glucosyltransferase gene) potentially contributed to the up-accumulation of catechins esterified by gallic acid. Interestingly, the results found that much lower levels of caffeine accumulation were observed in the ‘MYC’ group. RT-qPCR analysis suggested that the expression deficiency of TCS1 (Tea caffeine synthase 1) was the key factor resulting in the insufficient accumulation of caffeine in the ‘MYC’ group. Multiple MYB/MYB-like elements were discovered in the promoter region of TCS1 and most of the MYB genes were found preferentially expressed in ‘MYC’ groups, indicating some of which potentially served as negative factor(s) for biosynthesis of caffeine in tea plants. The present study uncovers the characteristics of metabolite accumulation and the key regulatory network, which provide a research reference to the selection and breeding of tea varieties.

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“…The flower color is due to the accumulation of carotenoids, flavonoids, and betalains (Sapir et al, 2021). Metabolomics is a powerful tool for analyzing the differential metabolite components and relative contents of pigments (Cai et al, 2022; Zhang et al, 2022). In this study, we found that there were large differences in the total anthocyanin content of R. glutinosa , R. chingii , and R. henryi , which were consistent with the corolla colors of the three species (Figures 1A, 2A, and S1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purple Rehmannia: Investigation of the activation of R2R3‐MYB transcription factors involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis

Zuo

Miao

et al. 2023

Physiologia Plantarum

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Engineering anthocyanin biosynthesis in herbs could provide health-promoting foods for improving human health. Rehmannia glutinosa is a popular medicinal herb in Asia, and was a health food for the emperors of the Han Dynasty (59 B.C.). In this study, we revealed the differences in anthocyanin composition and content between three Rehmannia species. On the 250, 235 and 206 identified MYBs in the respective species, six could regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis by activating the ANTHOCYANIDIN SYNTHASE (ANS) gene expression. Permanent overexpression of the Rehmannia MYB genes in tobacco strongly promoted anthocyanin content and expression levels of NtANS and other genes. A red appearance of leaves and tuberous/roots was observed, and the total anthocyanin content and the cyanidin-3-O-glucoside content were significantly higher in the lines overexpressing RgMYB41, RgMYB42, and RgMYB43 from R. glutinosa, as well as RcMYB1 and RcMYB3 in R. chingii and RhMYB1 from R. henryi plants. Knocking out of RcMYB3 by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing resulted in the discoloration of the R. chingii corolla lobes, and decreased the content of anthocyanin. R. glutinosa overexpressing RcMYB3 displayed a distinct purple color in the whole plants, and the antioxidant activity of the transgenic plants was significantly enhanced compared to WT. These results indicate that Rehmannia MYBs can be used to engineer anthocyanin biosynthesis in herbs to improve their additional value, such as increased antioxidant contents.

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Integrative Analysis of Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Reveals Molecular Mechanisms of Anthocyanin Metabolism in the Zikui Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis cv. Zikui)

Cited by 31 publications

References 44 publications

Tartary buckwheat FtF3′H1 as a metabolic branch switch to increase anthocyanin content in transgenic plant

Tartary buckwheat FtF3′H1 as a metabolic branch switch to increase anthocyanin content in transgenic plant

Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Characteristics of Tea Flavonoids and Caffeine Accumulation and Regulation between Chinese Varieties (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis) and Assam Varieties (C. sinensis var. assamica)

Purple Rehmannia: Investigation of the activation of R2R3‐MYB transcription factors involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis

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