Integration scenarios to improve fuel cell dynamics for modern aircraft application

Lucken, A.; Kut, T.; Terorde, Michael; Dickmann, Stefan; Schulz, Detlef

doi:10.1109/upec.2013.6714887

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The authors model and measure various elements of the system, from device stress, lifetime, efficiency, etc. Reference [71] investigates how to integrate the fuel cell with other sources of energy in MEA, with special attention given to the dynamics of the cell. The optimization of the hydrogen use in hybrid energy aircraft systems is modeled in [72].…”

Section: Fuel Cell Technology For Meamentioning

confidence: 99%

More Electric Aircraft: Review, Challenges, and Opportunities for Commercial Transport Aircraft

Sarlioglu

Morris

2015

IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrific.

885

394

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Similar to the efforts to move towards electric vehicles, much research has focused on the idea of a more electric aircraft (MEA). The motivations for this research are similar to that for vehicles and include goals to reduce emissions and decrease fuel consumption. In traditional aircraft, mutiple systems may use one type or a combination of types of energy, including electrical, hydraulic, mechanical, and pneumatic energy. However, all energy types have different drawbacks, including the sacrifice of total engine efficiency in the process of harvesting a particular energy, as with hyrdaulic and pneumatic systems. The goal for future aircraft is to replace most of the major systems currently utilizing non-electric power, such as environmental controls and engine start, with new electrical systems to improve a variety of aircraft characteristics, such as efficiency, emissions, reliability, and maintenance costs. This paper provides an in-depth look into how the systems have-or will-be changed. Future aircraft capabilities such as electric taxi and gas-electric propulsion for aircraft are also included for discussion. Most recent commercial transport aircrafts are described as the current state-of-the-art electric aircraft system. Future goals, including those of NASA, are presented for future advances in MEA.

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Section: Fuel Cell Technology For Meamentioning

confidence: 99%

More Electric Aircraft: Review, Challenges, and Opportunities for Commercial Transport Aircraft

Sarlioglu

Morris

2015

IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrific.

885

394

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“…For this reason, a short‐time energy storage based on supercapacitors is connected to the FC system. To prevent an oversizing of the energy storage, the minimum capacity to achieve the power quality for a worst case scenario can be determined by an innovative mathematical approach . Consequently, the hybridization of the weight optimized MFFCS leads to satisfactory dynamics and it fulfils the required power quality of the overall system, which is presented in Figure .…”

Section: Modern Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight saving in the electrical distribution systems of aircraft using innovative concepts

Terorde

Lucken

Schulz

2013

Int. J. Energy Res.

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SUMMARYThere is a growing need for an electrical generation and distribution system for modern commercial aircraft. In the field of aviation, there is a trend towards ‘more electric aircraft’, which implies the substitution of the hydraulic and pneumatic systems by electrical ones. This trend, in effect, results in an increasing demand for energy. In aircraft construction, there is a state‐of‐the‐art inflexible point‐to‐point supply of loads based on a complex and expensive electric load analysis. Connecting the load to different feeders during flights is not possible because of rigid wiring.The article introduces modern concepts for improving the electrical distribution system—namely feeder balancing and phase balancing. These methods involve utilizing intelligent switching nodes based on power semiconductor devices. The concepts allow for a reallocation of electrical loads on different power feeders. The article will also present an analysis of the integration of a multifunctional fuel cell system with a focus on the necessary changes in the electrical network of an aircraft. In less than a decade's time, commercial aircraft could use low‐temperature fuel cells to substitute the auxiliary power unit and the ram air turbine, which is used in ground phases and in cases of turbine failure. Using fuel, cells could aid in constructing a completely different layout of the electrical network implementing a ±270 V DC voltage level. The increasing electrical demand of aircraft requires an energy‐efficient power supply network. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Not only employing RESs such as photovoltaic (PV) arrays, and fuel cells in APUs provide significant benefits to the health, climate, and the world economy, but also guarantees a reliable, secure, and efficient source [6, 7]. Furthermore, hybrid RESs and energy storage systems in APU can benefit from many of these advantages, while compensating existing shortcomings such as intermittent power generation or availability [8, 9]. Generally, in most conventional APUs, the required energy is provided using high‐power generators, whereas the required energy for continuous power delivering is supplied by the battery packs during emergencies [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power sharing strategy for multi‐source electrical auxiliary power unit with bi‐directional interaction capability

Tashakor

Arabsalmanabadi

Iraji

et al. 2020

IET Power Electronics

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This study presents a hierarchical control strategy for an auxiliary power unit (APU) for aircraft to coordinate multiple power sources and control developed power electronic interfaces. The study benefits from the presence of a hybrid energy system in paralleled structure to the main generator as the complementary system. The employed structure enhances power quality and improves the voltage profile of the high-voltage DC bus. Furthermore, the developed bi-directional topology provides the possibility of interaction with the grid. Considering the APU features in an aircraft, a hierarchical control strategy with different levels of control, timescale, dynamic response, and significance are developed. The developed controller consists of a power management algorithm in the higher level, and local voltage and current controllers in the lower one. The algorithm aims to maximise the PV subsystem utilisation, overcome voltage fluctuations, increase power density, reduce operation costs, and increase system availability while allowing further development to larger systems. Simulation and experimental results confirm the robustness of the algorithm. The result shows that the proposed power sharing strategy optimises the system utilisation while achieving a high-quality voltage profile under severe fluctuations. Moreover, the stress on the battery pack is reduced to improve the life cycle and reduce operation costs.

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Integration scenarios to improve fuel cell dynamics for modern aircraft application

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

More Electric Aircraft: Review, Challenges, and Opportunities for Commercial Transport Aircraft

More Electric Aircraft: Review, Challenges, and Opportunities for Commercial Transport Aircraft

Weight saving in the electrical distribution systems of aircraft using innovative concepts

Power sharing strategy for multi‐source electrical auxiliary power unit with bi‐directional interaction capability

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