Integration of “what” and “where” in frontal cortex during visual imagery of scenes

Brain activities of visual thinkers and verbal thinkers: A MEG study

“…Therefore, we focus on the brain activities of the high beta-band frequencies (25 Hz), among the alpha (10 Hz), beta (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25), and low gamma bands (30-50 Hz) see Fig. 3(a).…”

“…In previous research using the current dipole tracing method, Nishimura and Tobinaga [21] noted global posterior shifts in activated areas for individuals with higher mental imaging ability relative to those with lower visual imaging ability. Among other researchers engaged in research on visual imagery, De Borst et al [22] showed that the medial superior frontal gyrus served as a cortical hub in the object-spatial integration process during the visual imaging of scenes. Cui et al [23] demonstrated the individual variability in the vividness of mental imagery, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques.…”

Hemispheric Differences within the Fronto-Parietal Network Dynamics Underlying Spatial Imagery

“…Numerous neuropsychological (Levine et al, 1985; Farah et al, 1988) and neuroimaging studies (Cohen et al, 1996;Mellet et al, 1996, 1998; D’Esposito et al, 1997; Richter et al, 1997; Knauff et al, 2000; Trojano et al, 2000) have aimed at unraveling the neural foundations of mental imagery using a wide variety of imagery tasks (for a review see Kosslyn et al, 2001). These imaging studies have consistently revealed that the pure imagination and mental representation of a specific mental object results in neural activity within category-specific occipital-temporal regions of the ventral visual processing pathway (Ishai et al, 2000, 2002; O’Craven and Kanwisher, 2000), including superior occipital areas (Mellet et al, 1995, 1996; D’Esposito et al, 1997; de Borst et al, 2011), inferior temporal regions (Carpenter et al, 1999; Mechelli et al, 2004; de Borst et al, 2012), parahippocampal cortex (de Borst et al, 2012), and in some tasks early visual cortex (EVC; Stokes et al, 2011) and/or even primary visual cortex (Kosslyn et al, 1999; Slotnick et al, 2005; de Borst et al, 2012). Likewise, brain regions within the dorsal visual processing pathway are recruited during the spatial processing or manipulation of these mental representations (Kawashima et al, 1995;Mellet et al, 1995, 1996; Cohen et al, 1996; Tagaris et al, 1997; Kosslyn et al, 1998;Sack et al, 2002, 2005, 2008).…”

“…Likewise, brain regions within the dorsal visual processing pathway are recruited during the spatial processing or manipulation of these mental representations (Kawashima et al, 1995;Mellet et al, 1995, 1996; Cohen et al, 1996; Tagaris et al, 1997; Kosslyn et al, 1998;Sack et al, 2002, 2005, 2008). These cortical regions within the dorsal pathway that in this sense are maybe more strictly related to the spatial aspect of spatial imagery are the bilateral inferior and superior parietal lobule (SPL; Richter et al, 1997; Knauff et al, 2000;Trojano et al, 2000, 2002;Sack et al, 2002, 2005, 2008), bilateral intraparietal sulcus (IPS); precuneus; (Mellet et al, 1996; Trojano et al, 2000;Sack et al, 2002, 2005, 2008), middle forntal gyrus (MFG), supplementary motor area (SMA), frontal eye fields (FEF), and premotor cortex (PMC; Kawashima et al, 1995;Mellet et al, 1995, 1996; Cohen et al, 1996; Tagaris et al, 1997; Kosslyn et al, 1998; Richter et al, 2000; Trojano et al, 2000; Lamm et al, 2001;Sack et al, 2002, 2005, 2008; Sack, 2009; de Borst et al, 2012). Regarding this spatial aspect of spatial imagery, Thompson et al (2009) suggested differentiating between visualizing spatial locations versus mentally transforming locations, both relying on distinct neural sub networks within the dorsal pathway.…”

Linking brain electrical signals elicited by current outcomes with future risk decision-making

“…Default runica training parameters were used (stopping W matrix change = 10 −7 ; maximum iteration number = 512). The method of using two rounds of ICA is suggested by many researchers, including the authors of EEGLAB, since the results of the initial round are informative in rejecting more trials (Meltzer et al, 2007; Miyakoshi et al, 2010; de Borst et al, 2012). Therefore, the ICA resulting data were further visually inspected to exclude remaining “bad trials” that containing a relatively large number of noisy IC activations.…”