Integration of substrate in biofloc based system: Effects on growth performance, water quality and immune responses in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon culture

Abstract

To evaluate effect of substrate integration in biofloc based system, a 52‐day growth experiment was conducted using black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon juveniles (3.32 ± 0.07 g). The factorial design consisted of floc, F (with or without) as first factor and substrate (bamboo mat, B; nylon mesh, N; and without substrate) as second factor. This resulted six treatments; F + B, F + N, F, B, N and a control without biofloc and substrate. Shrimps were stocked at 110 nos. m–3 in Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP) tanks and, rice flour was used as carbon source in biofloc based treatments. Incorporation of nylon mesh and bamboo mat in biofloc system trapped 31.3%–38.6% and 8.5%–13.5% total suspended solids respectively and reduced bottom solid deposition. Among the substrate based groups, significantly better development of biofilm with higher microbial population noticed in F + B compared with nylon mesh. Similarly, significantly higher final growth (p < 0.01) was recorded in F + B system followed by F + N while no significant difference in body weight recorded among floc, F or substrate based groups (B, N). Biofloc and substrate integration (F + B and F + N) resulted significantly (p < 0.01) lower feed conversion ratio compared to control and floc. Incoporation of bamboo substrate in biofloc, (F + B) improved shrimp immune responses through higher hemocyte counts and prophenoloxidase activity compared to other treatments. The study revealed that integration of substrate in the biofloc system improved growth performance, FCR and immune parameters in shrimp by trapping the suspended biofloc particles, better water quality parameters, enhanced biofilm growth and provision of quality natural food.

Use of biofloc technology in shrimp aquaculture: a comprehensive review, with emphasis on the last decade

“…These results indicate that Needlonaâ is a suitable substrate for prenursery phase of Pacific white shrimp reared in a biofloc system, because it can efficiently maintain levels of TSS in culture water without using clarifiers or water exchange, leading to higher survival rates. Similar results were also reported on tiger shrimp P. monodon juveniles (3.32 g) reared in BFT-based system in the presence of bamboo mat and nylon mesh as substrates (Kumar et al 2019). The incorporation of nylon mesh and bamboo mat in the BFT system trapped significant proportion of TSS (31.3-38.6% and 8.5-13.5%, respectively) and reduced bottom solid deposition.…”

“…Similar results were also reported on tiger shrimp P. monodon juveniles (3.32 g) reared in BFT‐based system in the presence of bamboo mat and nylon mesh as substrates (Kumar et al . 2019). The incorporation of nylon mesh and bamboo mat in the BFT system trapped significant proportion of TSS (31.3–38.6% and 8.5–13.5%, respectively) and reduced bottom solid deposition.…”

“…As mentioned above, the BFT in shrimp and prawn aquaculture has received considerable attention during the past decade (Panigrahi et al 2017;Kumar et al 2017;Kaya et al 2019). Published works covered various disciplines of shrimp culture in biofloc systems, including the following (i) types of biofloc systems (Panigrahi et al 2018(Panigrahi et al , 2019a(Panigrahi et al , 2019b(Panigrahi et al , 2020a; (ii) pathways for ammonia removal in biofloc systems (Kumar et al 2019;Panigrahi et al 2019cPanigrahi et al , 2020a; (iii) factors affecting shrimp production in BFT systems; (iv) nutritional value of bioflocs for shrimp culture (Ekasari et al 2014b;Khanjani et al 2015;Panigrahi et al 2019d); (v) role of bioflocs as probiotics in shrimp culture (Ekasari et al 2014a;Anand et al 2017;Panigrahi et al 2020c); (vi) application of BFT in shrimp culture (Khanjani et al 2017Martinez-Porchas et al 2020); (vii) integrated biofloc-based shrimp farming (Fourooghifard et al 2018); (viii) economic considerations (Pinto et al 2020); and (ix) challenges facing BFT-based aquaculture. The following sections will discuss and analyse these studies.…”

“…2018, 2019a, 2019b, 2020a); (ii) pathways for ammonia removal in biofloc systems (Kumar et al . 2019; Panigrahi et al . 2019c, 2020a); (iii) factors affecting shrimp production in BFT systems; (iv) nutritional value of bioflocs for shrimp culture (Ekasari et al .…”

Benefits of a Biofilm System and Low Ammonia Levels to Decrees the Early Mortality Syndrome in Shrimp Larvae (Litopenaeus vannamei) Infected with (Vibrio parahaemolyticus)

“…However, other authors claim that it is possible that a diversity of (Vibrio Parahaemolyticus) varieties or strains, could be the cause of EMS disease in shrimp culture ponds; but all varieties are causing elevate mortality in few days [17]. Several authors have reported that a biofilm with a good complex of microorganisms, enhance the immune response of cultivate shrimp, increasing the haemocytes amount in shrimp haemolymph and the activity of phenol-oxidase enzyme; the same, authors, claim that biofilm also can improve the shrimp growth since them consuming the suspended particles and consequently, improving the water quality [18,19]. Other authors have reported that shrimp larvae are opportunistic feeders; i.e., if diatoms are the dominant specie in the pond, they will prefer this species as diet until be almost or totally consumed; consequently.…”