Integration of stabilized bio-oil in light cycle oil hydrotreatment unit targeting hybrid fuels

Dimitriadis, Athanasios; Meletidis, George; Pfisterer, U.; Auersvald, Miloš; Kubička, David; Bezergianni, Stella

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2022.107220

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, the active site competition between oxygenates and other heteroatom species is minimal. This also agrees with Dimitriadis et al, that a higher reaction temperature can overcome the inhibition associated with hydrotreated FP bio-oil coprocessing, and Badoga et al, that HDS is not significantly affected at coprocessing ratios below 10 vol % and temperatures of 370 °C and above when coprocessing a woody HTL biocrude (oxygen content 10.6%). Water, introduced by and formed from bio-oil, does not impact the catalyst activity.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…They showed that coprocessing of the deoxygenated pyrolysis bio-oil did not impact catalyst stability much, nor hydrocracking product yield, but led to an increased hydrogen consumption. Dimitriadis et al 12 investigated the coprocessing of a hydrotreated FP bio-oil (2.1 wt % O) with an LCO at a 10−30% volume blending ratio and showed negligible coke formation or process efficiency losses, reduced hydrogen consumption, and inhibition in the HDS activity. Bouzouita et al 13 studied the coprocessing in hydrocracking of a VGO with stabilized FP bio-oil (by partial hydrotreating, 37 wt % O) and stabilized deoxygenated FP bio-oil (by deeper hydrotreating, 2.3 wt % O) in a semibatch stirred-tank reactor and suggested a decoupled hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) and hydrocracking process during the coprocessing.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coprocessing Biomass Fast Pyrolysis and Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis Oils with Vacuum Gas Oil in Refinery Hydroprocessing

et al. 2022

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Fast pyrolysis and catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) have been considered to be promising approaches for converting lignocellulosic biomass into liquid bio-oils followed by upgrading to produce fuel-range hydrocarbon products. Coprocessing fast pyrolysis and CFP bio-oils with petroleum feedstocks leverages the existing petroleum refining infrastructure, which reduces capital expenditure for the overall conversion technologies for biomass to fuel and enables fast adoption of the technologies and biofuels. Here, we reported the coprocessing of different woody fast pyrolysis and CFP bio-oils with petroleum vacuum gas oil (VGO) at 5−25% bio-oil blending levels over a NiMo sulfide catalyst for hydrotreating/mild hydrocracking. The catalyst activities over ∼300 h time on stream, the product yield and properties, and the biogenic carbon content in products are provided. Coprocessing of the raw fast pyrolysis bio-oil in our configuration was not successful because the instability of the bio-oil resulted in reactor plugging, and bio-oil stabilization by hydrogenation enabled their stable coprocessing with VGO, whereas the CFP bio-oil can be coprocessed without pretreatment. Simultaneous hydrodesulfurization, hydrodeoxygenation, and hydrocracking reactions occurred during coprocessing, and no obvious decrease in hydrodesulfurization and hydrocracking conversion of VGO was observed, suggesting the minimal impact of coprocessed bio-oils on the reaction of VGO and also the simultaneous conversion of bio-oil and VGO to produce fuel products with muchreduced S and O content. Biogenic carbon content in coprocessed products calculated by yield mass balance, together with results from isotopic measurements, indicates biogenic carbon incorporation into liquid hydrocarbon products. Higher biogenic carbon incorporation into fuel products was observed when coprocessing CFP bio-oils as compared to the fast pyrolysis bio-oils, and over 90% of carbon in CFP bio-oil was incorporated into liquid hydrocarbon products.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coprocessing Biomass Fast Pyrolysis and Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis Oils with Vacuum Gas Oil in Refinery Hydroprocessing

et al. 2022

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“…28,29 Pyrolysis is conducted at 400-800 °C and under atmospheric pressure. [30][31][32][33] Bio-oil cannot be used directly as an engine fuel due to its low quality. 30,31 High contents of water, oxygen, and acids, a low heating value and low stability are some of its disadvantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30,31 High contents of water, oxygen, and acids, a low heating value and low stability are some of its disadvantages. 32,33 As a result, the upgrading processes such as catalytic pyrolysis and hydrotreatment were utilized to improve the quality of the bio-oil. However, the high amount of coke formed and the high cost of the process were the main obstacles to scale up these processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on thermochemical based biorefinery catalyst development progress

Gholizadeh,

Castro,

Fabrega

et al. 2023

Sustainable Energy Fuels

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“…The utilization of waste biomass, such as forest residues, agricultural waste, and organic municipal solid waste, is an attractive avenue for oil refineries to add renewable content to their transportation fuel products. − This approach entails transforming the waste biomass into a liquid intermediate, commonly referred to as biocrude or bio-oil, by using a thermochemical conversion technology (e.g., pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), and thermocatalytic reforming , ), and afterward processing the biocrude into the final fuel products. The latter step can, in principle, be accomplished via coprocessing in existing refinery infrastructures, preferably after the biocrude had undergone some level of upgrading to alleviate the issues caused by oxygen, nitrogen, and inorganic elements. ,− Some of these problems include the plugging of equipment due to the chemical instability of biocrudes, poor miscibility with petroleum, loss of product selectivity, and deactivation of refinery catalysts. − The upgrading strategy will ultimately depend on the characteristics of the biocrude and the insertion point in the refinery, most typically fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units and less commonly hydroprocessing units like hydrotreaters and hydrocrackers. ,,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coprocessing Partially Hydrodeoxygenated Hydrothermal Liquefaction Biocrude from Forest Residue in the Vacuum Gas Oil Hydrocracking Process

Badoga,

Alvarez-Majmutov,

Rodriguez

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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Hydrodeoxygenation of biogenic feedstocks is an option to alleviate the challenges associated with their coprocessing in petroleum refinery units. This study investigates the effect of coprocessing a partially hydrodeoxygenated biocrude with vacuum gas oil (VGO) in a hydrocracking process. The biocrude, produced by hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of forest residues, was hydrodeoxygenated to an oxygen level of 3.6 wt % at which it became fully miscible in the VGO feed. The coprocessing feed blend was constituted of 7.5 wt % hydrodeoxygenated biocrude in 92.5 wt % VGO. Pilot plant tests were carried out in two sequential stages: hydrotreating and hydrocracking. Hydrotreating was performed first, with the purpose of meeting the sulfur and nitrogen specifications of the hydrocracking catalyst. The hydrotreated products next underwent hydrocracking to produce enough product for physical distillation. The tests were conducted using pure VGO first to set a baseline for the study and then the coprocessing feed. During both hydrotreating and hydrocracking, coprocessing required increasing the reactor temperature by 10−15 °C over the baseline temperature for pure VGO to offset the poisoning effect of oxygen compounds. The hydrotreating stage was also affected by reactor plugging issues attributed to unstable high-boiling material in the biocrude. In spite of this, the coprocessing scheme was shown to stand on par with the VGO baseline in terms of overall product distribution and without consuming more hydrogen. Moreover, the coprocessed naphtha, diesel, and jet fuel fractions showed only subtle differences in properties and hydrocarbon composition relative to those from VGO. Biogenic carbon measurements revealed that the coprocessed naphtha, diesel, and jet fuel fractions contained 8−9 wt % biogenic carbon.

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Integration of stabilized bio-oil in light cycle oil hydrotreatment unit targeting hybrid fuels

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

Coprocessing Biomass Fast Pyrolysis and Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis Oils with Vacuum Gas Oil in Refinery Hydroprocessing

Coprocessing Biomass Fast Pyrolysis and Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis Oils with Vacuum Gas Oil in Refinery Hydroprocessing

A review on thermochemical based biorefinery catalyst development progress

Coprocessing Partially Hydrodeoxygenated Hydrothermal Liquefaction Biocrude from Forest Residue in the Vacuum Gas Oil Hydrocracking Process

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