Integration of small-scale canopy dynamics smoothes live-tree structural complexity across development stages in old-growth Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forests at the multi-gap scale

Zenner, Eric K.; Sagheb-Talebi, Khosro; Akhavan, R; Peck, Jeri Lynn E.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2014.09.023

Cited by 34 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The diameter distributions of all three development stages showed a reverse J-shaped form but their parameters were significantly different (Figure 4). Similar results were reported also by Zenner et al [37] from an Oriental beech virgin forest in northern Iran, where diameter distributions of all stages were reverse J-shaped, but with significant differences between the Optimal and Initial stage as well as the Initial and Decay stage. Unlike Král et al [36], who found the Optimal stage with a typical bell-shaped diameter distribution in a common beech-silver fir-Norway spruce stand, in NNR Dobročský prales the Optimal stage with homogenous stand structure was not present.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The Optimal stage reached the highest values of growing stock and basal area that distinguished it from the other stages; however, the stand maintained the differentiated structure. A similar structure was registered by several authors [7,29,37,66,67], confirming that forest stands dominated by shade-tolerant tree species could be strongly diversified in all stages.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The limited contribution of the majority of structural indices to the identification of development stages was reported by Balanda [73] as well, with nonsignificant differences of the diameter differentiation index (T) and aggregation index (R) among the stages in mixed old-growth forest Hrončecký grúň. Additionally in the study of Zenner et al [37], no differences of diameter differentiation index were found and the structural complexity index (SCI d ) helped to distinguish only the Initial stage from both the Optimal and Decay stage. Similar values of structural indices, regardless of the development stage in our study, were likely caused by the fact that the stand consists of a mixture of tree species with different lifespans and environment demands resulting in relatively high structural diversity in all development stages, as confirmed by the generally higher values of analysed structural indices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Several authors have reported problems with stage classification on overly large plots (e.g., [5,17,[35][36][37]), as they captured more developmental stages with different naturally ongoing processes. Thus, to classify stands to the appropriate developmental stage, authors have recommended using plot sizes that correspond to the extent of gap-scale processes that largely drive structural and successional patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural Diversity in a Mixed Spruce-Fir-Beech Old-Growth Forest Remnant of the Western Carpathians

Parobeková

Pittner

Kucbel

et al. 2018

Forests

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Old-growth forests are a unique source of information for close-to-nature silviculture. In the National Nature Reserve Dobročský prales (Slovakia), a remnant of mixed old-growth forests of the Western Carpathians, we analyzed changes in tree species composition, stand structure, and creation and closure of canopy gaps. The results were based on data from forest inventories of an entire reserve conducted in 1978 and 2015, extended by detailed measurements in a research plot of 250 × 250 m. We observed the expansion of common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) at the expense of conifers (Abies alba Mill., Picea abies L. Karst.) in all layers of the stand. Due to a lack of conifers in the category of saplings >130 cm and an abundance of coniferous deadwood, we hypothesize that this development will lead to the dominance of beech. All development stages revealed a reverse J-shaped diameter structure; however, they differed in the majority of basic stand characteristics (e.g., growing stock, basal area, tree density, deadwood volume). Most of the structural indices did not differ between development stages, confirming a relatively high degree of structural differentiation throughout the development cycle. The total gap area reached 18%, with the dominance of small gaps ≤100 m 2 . Nevertheless, only canopy gaps >100 m 2 formed by the mortality of three or more trees were of higher importance for the extensive establishment of natural regeneration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Structural Diversity in a Mixed Spruce-Fir-Beech Old-Growth Forest Remnant of the Western Carpathians

Parobeková

Pittner

Kucbel

et al. 2018

Forests

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“…Therefore, the 5ˆ5 m scale was the best to identify Quercus clusters. We suggest this is because analysis of individual stems of advanced regeneration in gaps is a fine-scale process [87].…”

Section: Spatial Patterns Of Advanced Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Patterns of Irradiance and Advanced Reproduction along a Canopy Disturbance Severity Gradient in an Upland Hardwood Stand

Keasberry

Hart

Dey

et al. 2016

Forests

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Regeneration failure of Quercus in mature Quercus-dominated forests has been reported throughout the temperate zone. Quercus seedlings are often abundant in these forests, yet frequently fail to recruit to larger size classes despite canopy disturbances. To examine intra-stand patterns of advanced reproduction, competition, and irradiance in an upland Quercus stand, we installed a 2 ha plot that captured the canopy disturbance severity gradient caused by a wind event. To quantify disturbance severity and stand conditions, we inventoried all living and dead woody stems ě5 cm diameter at breast height (dbh, 1.37 m above the surface) and quantified irradiance in 25 m 2 quadrats (n = 800) using synchronized ceptometers. To inventory patterns of advanced reproduction within the plot, we recorded the species of every woody stem >1 m in height and <5 cm dbh. We also documented the species and height of every Quercus stem ě0.5-<5 cm dbh and the species, height, and distance to each stem nearest the focal Quercus stem. At the genus-level, Quercus was the most common nearest neighbor. However, at the species-level, the most common nearest neighbors were Acer saccharum and Ostrya virginiana. Competition index values significantly differed by species (p < 0.01), but did not significantly differ by disturbance severity class and we found no significant interactions between species and disturbance class. Quercus advanced reproduction was significantly clustered through the study plot and cluster locations overlapped with clusters of high irradiance, but these patterns were scale-dependent. Our results indicate that an appreciation for intra-stand heterogeneity may improve forest management planning.

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Impacts of forest structure on precipitation interception and run‐off generation in a semiarid region in northern China

Liu

Zhang

2018

Hydrological Processes

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Water resource scarcity and uneven distribution are 2 major environmental issues in China today. Forest structure is a dominant factor that influences hydrological processes, but the specific interactions remain uncertain due to the predominant use of individual or 1-dimensional forest structure metrics in previous studies. In this study, forest structures in 8 run-off plots on Mount Miaofeng in north China were parameterized by metrics of different dimensionalities. The relation between canopy interception and forest structure, shrub/litter interception, and forest structure as well

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Integration of small-scale canopy dynamics smoothes live-tree structural complexity across development stages in old-growth Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forests at the multi-gap scale

Cited by 34 publications

References 31 publications

Structural Diversity in a Mixed Spruce-Fir-Beech Old-Growth Forest Remnant of the Western Carpathians

Structural Diversity in a Mixed Spruce-Fir-Beech Old-Growth Forest Remnant of the Western Carpathians

Spatial Patterns of Irradiance and Advanced Reproduction along a Canopy Disturbance Severity Gradient in an Upland Hardwood Stand

Impacts of forest structure on precipitation interception and run‐off generation in a semiarid region in northern China

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