Integration of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data for change detection: A case study in a war conflict area of Mosul city

Fakhri, Falah; Gkanatsios, Ioannis

doi:10.1016/j.rsase.2021.100505

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In many cases, the main source of primary information about military events was and remains visual observation and local media reports. In recent decades, remote sensing has become more widespread, which is especially relevant in times of war when access by traditional media and other independent sources becomes more challenging (Al‐doski et al., 2013; Baumann & Kuemmerle, 2016; Fakhri & Gkanatsios, 2021; Garzón & Valánszki, 2020; Hasan et al., 2019; Shevchuk et al., 2022; Witmer, 2015). We expand upon that work here with an up‐to‐date analysis of explicit impacts on the rivers and water infrastructure, particularly the Dnipro River, since the expansion of the war in 2022, but we also note that there is a relative lack of information about conditions within Russian‐held territory.…”

Section: Methodology and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Rivers and Water Systems as Weapons and Casualties of the Russia‐Ukraine War

Gleick,

Vyshnevskyi,

Shevchuk

2023

Earth's Future

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The geophysical, hydrological, and ecological consequences of the Russia‐Ukraine war for the major rivers and water infrastructure in Ukraine are addressed here, focused on the dams and reservoirs of the Dnipro (Dnieper) River and major tributaries, up to and including the destruction of the Kakhovka Dam in June 2023, using remote sensing systems, on‐the‐ground reports, and official sources. The rivers have long played a role as physical barriers during conflicts, but in the current war, water and built water systems have also been targeted for attacks and used as both offensive and defensive weapons. Among the consequences of the conflict have been both direct and indirect effects on civilian populations, agriculture, military operations, water supplies and quality, and natural ecosystems. An historical review shows that such attacks have occurred in the past, but the extent and severity of the current violence appear unprecedented, raising important questions of international law and how international legal and scientific communities should respond.

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Section: Methodology and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Rivers and Water Systems as Weapons and Casualties of the Russia‐Ukraine War

Gleick,

Vyshnevskyi,

Shevchuk

2023

Earth's Future

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“…The studies cover a wide variety of places, including countries in Northern Africa ( 36 , 38 , 44 , 46 , 47 , 52 , 53 ), Eastern Africa ( 52 , 53 , 55–57 , 67 ), Middle Africa ( 53 , 54 , 56 , 59 , 61 ), Western Asia ( 31 , 34 , 35 , 37 , 39 , 42 , 43 , 45–51 , 58 , 60 , 63 , 66 ), Southeastern Asia ( 32 , 33 , 40 , 41 , 56 , 60 ), and the Caribbean ( 56 ). 7 However, the variation becomes much narrower when we zoom in on a specific type of research, as our discussion of structural damage research below demonstrates.…”

Section: Mapping the Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Table 3 , most of the reviewed articles use traditional methods, but research using supervised AI-based techniques is emerging ( 33 , 34 , 41 , 42 ). Only one of the reviewed studies uses unsupervised AI-based techniques ( 55 ).…”

Section: Mapping the Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward the remote monitoring of armed conflicts

2023

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The war in Ukraine has pushed the role of satellite imagery in armed conflicts into the spotlight. For a long time, satellite images were primarily used for military and intelligence purposes, but today they permeate every aspect of armed conflicts. Their importance in influencing the course of armed conflicts will further grow as progress in deep learning makes automated analysis progressively possible. This article assesses the state of the research working toward the remote monitoring of armed conflicts and highlights opportunities to increase the positive societal impact of future research efforts. First, we map the existing literature, categorizing studies in terms of conflict events that are covered, conflict context and scope, techniques, and types of satellite imagery used to identify conflict events. Second, we discuss how these choices affect opportunities to develop applications for human rights, humanitarian, and peacekeeping actors. Third, we provide an outlook, assessing promising paths forward. While much focus has been on high–spatial resolution imagery, we demonstrate why research on freely available satellite images with moderate spatial but high temporal resolution can lead to more scalable and transferable options. We argue that research on such images should be prioritized as it will have a greater positive impact on society, and we discuss what types of applications may soon become feasible through such research. We call for concerted efforts to compile a large dataset of non-sensitive conflict events to accelerate research toward the remote monitoring of armed conflicts and for interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure conflict sensitive monitoring solutions.

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“…Nevertheless, planners can develop and leverage openly available data to fulfil RBA, during the hazard/conflict and protracted hostilities. For example, satellite imagery can be used to identify the location of affected infrastructure, the extent of damage, and, in conjunction with openly available mapping services, the connectivity to other SPNs and alternative routes (Weir et al, 2019;Witmer, 2015;Fakhri & Gkanatsios, 2021;Levin et al, 2018).…”

Section: The Value Of Standoff and Ground-validated Datamentioning

confidence: 99%