Integration of Screen Printed Piezoelectric Sensors for Force Impact Sensing in Smart Multifunctional Glass Applications

Abstract

Screen printed piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride–trifluoro ethylene (PVDF–TrFE)‐based sensors laminated between glass panes in the temperature range 80–110 °C are presented. No degradation of the piezoelectric signals is observed for the sensors laminated at 110 °C, despite approaching the Curie temperature of the piezoelectric material. The piezoelectric sensors, here monitoring force impact in smart glass applications, are characterized by using a calibrated impact hammer system and standardized impact situations. Stand‐alone piezoelectric sensors and piezoelectric sensors integrated on poly(methyl methacrylate) are also evaluated. The piezoelectric constants obtained from the measurements of the nonintegrated piezoelectric sensors are in good agreement with the literature. The piezoelectric sensor response is measured by using either physical electrical contacts between the piezoelectric sensors and the readout electronics, or wirelessly via both noncontact capacitive coupling and Bluetooth low‐energy radio link. The developed sensor concept is finally demonstrated in smart window prototypes, in which integrated piezoelectric sensors are used to detect break‐in attempts. Additionally, each prototype includes an electrochromic film to control the light transmittance of the window, a screen printed electrochromic display for status indications and wireless communication with an external server, and a holistic approach of hybrid printed electronic systems targeting smart multifunctional glass applications.

Screen-Printed Piezoelectric Sensors on Tattoo Paper Combined with All-Printed High-Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Electrophysiological Signal Monitoring

“…The ferroelectric performance of the manufactured TP-based piezoelectric sensors was acquired via hysteresis loop measurements by gradually sweeping the voltage in the range ±500 V (Figure S4); the estimated remanent polarization (Pr) and the coercive electric field (Ec) are summarized in Table . The measured Pr and Ec values were comparable to those reported in the literature. , …”

“…The measured Pr and Ec values were comparable to those reported in the literature. 5,17 Fully SP TP-based piezoelectric sensors, each one with an active area of 64 mm 2 (Figure 1), were further tested by using an actuator setup, developed in house, including also a commercial piezoelectric sensor, to quantitatively estimate the voltage response upon stable, repetitive mechanical impact. 24 The mechanical impact was repeatedly obtained by the linear actuator at a frequency of 3 Hz (similar to the radial pulse rate), where the skin contact was mimicked by attaching a piece of natural leather.…”

“…Screen printing (SP) technology has attracted great interest due to its ease of manufacturing and high scalability; therefore, this technique has been applied in the fabrication of various organic electronic devices for a broad range of applications, e.g., biosensors, logic circuits, and amplifiers based on organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), piezoelectric sensors, electrochromic displays, etc. − In particular, screen printing has been utilized to create sensors for electrophysiological signal monitoring. A few years ago, Yang et al and Zhao et al used manual screen printing to demonstrate interdigitated or similar two-electrode structures on flexible paper-based substrates and nylon fabric, respectively. , …”

Formation Mechanism of Crystalline Phase during Corrosion of Aluminum Phosphate Glasses

“…The chemical durability of glasses is a crucial characteristic with significant implications for its applications in various fields, including food, industry, biomedicine, and national defense. The corrosion mechanism of glasses is the theoretical basis for explaining the chemical durability of glasses, and it holds immense importance in predicting the long-term chemical durability of nuclear waste glasses, developing new bioactive materials, more durable electrode materials and protecting optical glasses, glass fiber and glass display panels exposed to atmosphere conditions. − …”

Inverted Molding with Porous Skeleton Nickel Foam for Preparing Flexible Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Pressure Sensors

“…Flexible pressure sensors can be stretched, compressed, or folded, showing an ability to conformally maintain contact with curved surfaces and even human skin [3][4][5][6]. The working principles of these devices can be divided into resistance- [7], capacitance- [8,9], and voltage-based ones [10]. Various types of flexible pressure sensors with excellent electrical response characteristics and stability are in great demand in the fields of human health monitoring and human-computer interaction.…”