Integration of Processes to Treat Wastewater and Source-Separated Urine

Wilsenach, J.A.; Loosdrecht, M.C.M. van

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2006)132:3(331)

Cited by 96 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Third: Disconnection of the urine stream (or part of the stream) from the sewer would enable to save energy at WWTPs (26) , that is spent for nitrification of ammonium mainly originating from urine. These are three important reasons why a separate, collection and treatment of urine is being considered.…”

Section: Urine As Fertilizer Fate Of Pharmaceuticals In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Issue of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Water and Wastewater: Sources, Impact and Elimination

2013

Egypt. J. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

HARMACEUTICALS are designed to have a physiological effect …..on humans and animals in trace concentrations. Persistence against biological degradation and their biological activity are key properties of these pollutants. Increasing consumption of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) and their discharge to the municipal wastewater via excrete are a growing danger for water quality and thus for the health of citizens.The entire discharge volume of medicines into the sewage net and the inefficiency of suitable wastewater treatment solutions to face such a problem, leads to high pharmaceuticals content in the drinking water. Due to its low degradability, 80% of these substances are raw discharged by excretion and flushed to the toilets and sewers to the sewage plants, where no rejection takes place, thus leading to growth of bacterial resistance. This leads to high pharmaceuticals content in the drinking water, people assimilate these substances, resulting in every time higher difficulties when treating common illnesses.The aim of the present article is to review the issue of PhACs in the environment. The review focuses on the source, presence, fate, elimination, and treatment of PhACs in water and wastewater. This review includes: characteristics, occurrence and pathways of PhACs in water and wastewater, fate in the oriented sanitation, environmental and public health impacts. Furthermore, preventing pharmaceuticals in drinking-water, treatment technologies for their removal, knowledge gaps and future research for pharmaceuticals in drinking-water are also discussed. Advanced oxidation techniques, biological treatment systems, separation and treatment of urine for PhACs removal as effective tools are evaluated.

show abstract

Section: Urine As Fertilizer Fate Of Pharmaceuticals In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These nutrients could be used, after an appropriate treatment if required, as fertilizers in agriculture (26,25) .…”

Section: Urine As Fertilizer Fate Of Pharmaceuticals In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Issue of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Water and Wastewater: Sources, Impact and Elimination

2013

Egypt. J. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…• C [22] of the Netherlands were used. The distance from the centralized wastewater treatment plant to the sewage sludge incineration plant was set to 10 km [22], and the distance from the on-site collection to agricultural land was assumed to be 50 km, as a typical distance in the Netherlands.…”

Section: Construction Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distance from the centralized wastewater treatment plant to the sewage sludge incineration plant was set to 10 km [22], and the distance from the on-site collection to agricultural land was assumed to be 50 km, as a typical distance in the Netherlands. The influence of the transport distance on feasibility of the sanitation concepts was further discussed in the sensitivity analysis.…”

Section: Construction Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects of Source-Separation-Based Sanitation Concepts: A Model-Based Study

Tervahauta

Hoang

Hernández³

et al. 2013

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Separation of different domestic wastewater streams and targeted on-site treatment for resource recovery has been recognized as one of the most promising sanitation concepts to re-establish the balance in carbon, nutrient and water cycles. In this study a model was developed based on literature data to compare energy and water balance, nutrient recovery, chemical use, effluent quality and land area requirement in four different sanitation concepts: (1) centralized; (2) centralized with source-separation of urine; (3) source-separation of black water, kitchen refuse and grey water; and (4) source-separation of urine, feces, kitchen refuse and grey water.The highest primary energy consumption of 914 MJ/capita(cap)/year was attained within the centralized sanitation concept, and the lowest primary energy consumption of 437 MJ/cap/year was attained within source-separation of urine, feces, kitchen refuse and grey water. Grey water bio-flocculation and subsequent grey water sludge co-digestion decreased the primary energy consumption, but was not energetically favorable to couple with grey water effluent reuse. Source-separation of urine improved the energy balance, nutrient recovery and effluent quality, but required larger land area and higher chemical use in the centralized concept.

show abstract

“…The separation of those nutrients enhances the efficiency of conventional sewage treatment processes and facilitates their reuse as fertilizer in agriculture [16]. The eco toxicological effect of human medicines in domestic wastewater (so called micro pollutants) could be reduced by 50% [17], and the part separation of urine could turn wastewater treatment plants from energy consumers to energy producers [18]. The experiences with building integrated urine separation systems show that waterless urinals work well, emit no malodor, and are convenient to use; however, functionality of the separation with so-called -separation‖ or -no-mix‖ toilets is still insufficient [19].…”

Section: Management Of Organic Waste and Nutrients Using The Example mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Urban (re-)Development with Building Integrated Energy, Water and Waste Systems

Schuetze

Lee

2013

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The construction and service of urban infrastructure systems and buildings involves immense resource consumption. Cities are responsible for the largest component of global energy, water, and food consumption as well as related sewage and organic waste production. Due to ongoing global urbanization, in which the largest sector of the global population lives in cities which are already built, global level strategies need to be developed that facilitate both the sustainable construction of new cities and the re-development of existing urban environments. A very promising approach in this regard is the decentralization and building integration of environmentally sound infrastructure systems for integrated resource management. This paper discusses such new and innovative building services engineering systems, which could contribute to increased energy efficiency, resource productivity, and urban resilience. Applied research and development projects in Germany, which are based on integrated system approaches for the integrated and environmentally sound management of energy, water and organic waste, are used as examples. The findings are especially promising and can be used to stimulate further research and development, including economical aspects which are crucial for sustainable urban (re-)development.

show abstract

Integration of Processes to Treat Wastewater and Source-Separated Urine

Cited by 96 publications

References 27 publications

Issue of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Water and Wastewater: Sources, Impact and Elimination

Issue of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Water and Wastewater: Sources, Impact and Elimination

Prospects of Source-Separation-Based Sanitation Concepts: A Model-Based Study

Sustainable Urban (re-)Development with Building Integrated Energy, Water and Waste Systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About