Integration of Plant Responses to Environmentally Activated Phytohormonal Signals

Achard, Patrick; Cheng, Hui; Grauwe, Luc De; Decat, Jan; Schoutteten, Hermien; Moritz, Thomas; Straeten, Dominique Van Der; Peng, Jinrong; Harberd, Nicholas P.

doi:10.1126/science.1118642

Cited by 1,336 publications

(1,172 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The importance of this family has been made clear through a number of functional studies (Di Laurenzio et al, 1996;Peng et al, 1997;Silverstone et al, 1998), and a remarkable number of GRAS proteins have been identified in more than 294 embryophyta species (Finn et al, 2010;Sun et al, 2012). Most of these proteins play key roles in the transcriptional regulation and signaling transduction related to plant growth and development (Bolle, 2004;Achard et al, 2006). Examples include Arabidopsis thaliana DELLA in gibberellin (GA) signaling during regulation of plant growth (Peng et al, 1997;Sun and Gubler, 2004;Murase et al, 2008), Medicago truncatula NSP1-NSP2 in DNA promoter regulation for nodulation signaling (Kaló et al, 2005;Smit et al, 2005;, Arabidopsis SCR-SHR in regulation of radial patterning for root and shoot (Pysh et al, 1999;Helariutta et al, 2000;Nakajima et al, 2001), Lilium longiflorum SCL in auxin and stress-induced signaling (Morohashi et al, 2003;Sánchez et al, 2007), At-PAT1 in phytochrome light signal transduction and plant defense (Bolle et al, 2000;TorresGalea et al, 2006), At-LAS in axillary meristem development (Schumacher et al, 1999;Greb et al, 2003), and Petunia hybrida HAM in shoot meristem maintenance (Stuurman et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal Structure of the GRAS Domain of SCARECROW-LIKE7 inOryza sativa

Zhao

et al. 2016

The Plant Cell

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GRAS proteins belong to a plant-specific protein family with many members and play essential roles in plant growth and development, functioning primarily in transcriptional regulation. Proteins in the family are minimally defined as containing the conserved GRAS domain. Here, we determined the structure of the GRAS domain of Os-SCL7 from rice (Oryza sativa) to 1.82 Å. The structure includes cap and core subdomains and elucidates the features of the conserved GRAS LRI, VHIID, LRII, PFYRE, and SAW motifs. The structure is a dimer, with a clear groove to accommodate double-stranded DNA. Docking a DNA segment into the groove to generate an Os-SCL7/DNA complex provides insight into the DNA binding mechanism of GRAS proteins. Furthermore, the in vitro DNA binding property of Os-SCL7 and model-defined recognition residues are assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift analysis and mutagenesis assays. These studies reveal the structure and preliminary DNA interaction mechanisms of GRAS proteins and open the door to in-depth investigation and understanding of the individual pathways in which they play important roles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal Structure of the GRAS Domain of SCARECROW-LIKE7 inOryza sativa

Zhao

et al. 2016

The Plant Cell

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“…This observation is in contrast to the previous finding that high salinity imposes osmotic stress in inhibiting seed germination. 18,19 One possible scenario is that the NTL8-mediated pathway is a specific salt signaling pathway that exerts its role only under high salinity, while the ABA-mediated salt signaling pathway plays a somewhat general role in seed germination under a variety of environmental stress conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Gibberellic acid-mediated salt signaling in seed germination

Kim

Park

2008

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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salinity delays seed germination by reducing GA biosynthesis. 7 ABA is a major plant growth hormone mediating plant responses to high salinity, suggesting that the salt effects on seed germination would depends on this growth hormone. We observed that the GA synthetic enzyme gene GA3ox1 is significantly repressed by high salinity. In particular, the salt repression of GA3ox1 is independent of ABA. The GA3ox1 transcription is efficiently repressed by high salinity even in the ABA-deficient aba3-1 mutant to a level comparable to that observed in control plants treated with high salt. These observations support that an ABA-independent salt signaling pathway is also involved in the GA regulation of seed germination.NTL8 is a membrane-bound NAC transcription factor in Arabidopsis. 8 It is unique among the NTL members in that the NTL8 transcription is induced by high salinity specifically in the cold-imbibed seed. While germination of control seeds is greatly reduced in the presence of high salt, that of the ntl8-1 mutant seeds is resistant to high salinity. In contrast, seeds of the transgenic plants overexpressing an active NTL8 form (NTL8ΔC) germinated very poorly under high salt conditions, indicating that NTL8 plays a role in the salt regulation of seed germination. However, the NTL8 transcription is unaffected by ABA, and germination of the ntl8-1 knockout mutant seeds is reduced by ABA to a degree similar to that of control seeds under the same conditions. It is therefore evident that NTL8-mediated salt signaling is independent of ABA.It is notable that NTL8-mediated salt regulation of seed germination is intimately related to GA signaling. RGL2 is one of the DELLA proteins that negatively regulate GA signals. 9 When GA biosynthesis is induced, the RGL2 protein is degraded via the ubiquitin-dependent degradation pathway, causing promotion of seed germination. 10 The Arabidopsis GA biosynthetic mutant, ga1-3, does not germinate in the absence of exogenously applied GA, indicating that GA is essential for seed germination. In contrast, the ga1-3 rgl2 double mutant seeds germinate nearly 100% even in the absence of exogenous GA application, indicating that RGL2 is a negative regulator of GA function in seed germination. 9 However, recent studies strongly support that there would be additional negative regulators other than RGL2 in GA signaling. 11,12 NTL8 is dramatically induced in the imbibed seed, and its induction is further elevated by cold treatment. However, the NTL8 induction decreases to a basal level within 24 hours after cold imbibition. This pattern is very similar to that of RGL2. Germination of the ntl8-1 mutant seeds is nearly 100% in the presence of 100 μM paclobutrazol (PAC), an inhibitor of GA synthesis. The NTL8 protein is released from the membranes through proteolytic cleavage. We found that this activation process is triggered in the PAC-treated Seed germination initiates the postembryonic development of plants, which determines successful seedling establishment and plant propagation. It is th...

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“…Ethylene has an important role in many aspects of plant biology, from seed germination to dormancy, ripening and senescence, and the regulation of stomatal closure (by promoting NADPH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in stomatal guard cells) as well as defences against biotic and abiotic stresses (Bartoli et al, 2013). According to Achard et al (2006), ethylene signalling pathways might be essential for survival under adverse environmental conditions and it is involved in control of growth as well as stress tolerance. For example, drought induced the accumulation of the ethylene precursor and the activation of ethylene signalling leading to a reversible arrest of cell cycle (Bartoli et al, 2013).…”

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the responses of four chicory ecotypes by ethylene accumulation and growth characteristics under drought stress

Sadeghi¹,

Ghanaatiyan²

2017

Ital J Agronomy

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Water deficit is the largest limiting abiotic factor in agriculture and will increase in future. Evaluating the drought stress-induced changes in growth parameters as well as the leaves ethylene accumulation of medicinal plants to grow these in arid and semi-arid areas has particular importance. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a famous medicinal herbal plant which grows in most parts of Iran. A factorial greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of drought stress [100 (as a control), 80, 60 and 40% of field capacity (FC)] on morphophysiological parameters as well as the leaves ethylene accumulation of four chicory ecotypes. The results showed a significant effect of drought on plant height, leaf area, shoot moisture content and total dry matter production of chicory ecotypes which were reduced under drought stress. Under increasing drought level the Siyah Shiraz (Kh) ecotype performed better by maintaining more growth characters, thereby leading to more production of dry matter than the other ecotypes. Isfahan ecotype was the most affected by rising tensions and showed more reduction in growth traits. Drought stress also considerably changed leaf ethylene content, that made the leaf ethylene biosynthesis to be significantly higher under severe (60 and 40% FC) stress when compared to control (100% FC) and was significantly higher in drought-tolerant chicory ecotype (Kh). In general, it can be concluded that Kh was superior to other ecotypes in terms of growth and leaves ethylene accumulation, and can be suitable for cultivation in arid regions.

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Integration of Plant Responses to Environmentally Activated Phytohormonal Signals

Cited by 1,336 publications

References 25 publications

Crystal Structure of the GRAS Domain of SCARECROW-LIKE7 inOryza sativa

Crystal Structure of the GRAS Domain of SCARECROW-LIKE7 inOryza sativa

Gibberellic acid-mediated salt signaling in seed germination

Probing the responses of four chicory ecotypes by ethylene accumulation and growth characteristics under drought stress

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