Integration of Patriarchal and Matriarchal Culture System in Indonesia; Study in North and West Sumatra

Abstract

Batak and Minangkabau are the two big tribes in Indonesia. It is not wrong to say that Bataks and Minangkabau are cultured. In theory, humans are cultured creatures. Culture is static, impermanent and flexible. This flexibility can be seen in the process of mixing between two or more cultures. When two cultures are at the same time and place, mixing culture becomes inevitable. Just like a melting pot or salad bowl in America. In the perspective of sociology anthropology is referred to by various terms such as acculturation, assimilation and integration. The phenomenon of cultural mixing occurs in two major tribes in Indonesia, namely Batak and Minangkabau cultures. These two cultural communities are printed on the island of Sumatra. Batak and Minangkabau people are known to be very strong in adhering to customs and culture. Both have very clear ethnic identities with very contrasting differences, including the Batak culture with a patriarchal kinship system and the Minangkabau culture which has a matriarchal kinship system. The meeting of these two major cultures through marital institutions resulted in the loss of some elements and cultural systems. The matriarchy system fades when it is in the midst of patriarchal culture and vice versa patriarchal culture experiences identity loss when it is in the midst of matriarchal culture. This is what the authors call cultural collapse. In fact, culture cannot survive when dealing with other cultures.
 Keywords: Batak; Minagkabau; cultures; sociology; antropology; patriarchal; matriarchal

Exploring relational aggression and gender dynamics: a global and Indonesian perspective

“…2, June 2024: 838~847 842 Furthermore, the cross-cultural examination of relational aggression based on gender underscores the need to consider cultural influences and societal norms [52], for instance, the Minang culture of West Sumatra has the highest average score of 58.4 compared to all other cultures, especially the differences that striking in Minaang and Javanese culture. The reason why researchers focus on these two cultures is because they have contradictory cultural systems, such as patriarchy and matriarchy [53]. This may influence the manifestation of relational aggression, particularly among female pupils, who may feel more empowered to express it.…”