Integration of microbubbles with biomaterials in tissue engineering for pharmaceutical purposes

Abstract

Tissue engineering with the aid of biomaterials is a novel and promising knowledge aiming at improving human life expectancy. Besides, microbubbles are increasingly employed in biomedical applications due to their capability as a reservoir of therapeutic agents and oxygen molecules. In the present study, Microbubbles as the backbone of the research are produced as one of the potent devices in tissue engineering approaches, including drug delivery, wound healing, 3D printing, and scaffolding. It was shown that microbubbles are capable of promoting oxygen penetration and boosting the wound healing process by supplying adequate oxygen. Microbubbles also demonstrated their strength and potency in advancing drug delivery systems by reinforcing mass transfer phenomena. Furthermore, microbubbles developed the mechanical and biological characteristics of engineered scaffolds by manipulating the pores. Increasing cell survival, the biological activity of cells, angiogenesis, cell migration, and also nutrient diffusion into the inner layers of the scaffold were other achievements by microbubbles. In conclusion, the interest of biomedical communities in simultaneous usage of microbubbles and biomaterials under tissue engineering approaches experiences remarkable growth in Pharmaceutical studies.

Bioactive Materials Promote Wound Healing through Modulation of Cell Behaviors

“…[ 128 ] Combining microbubble therapy with tissue engineering has recently become an infusive new endeavor, where the use of microbubble with hydrogel can overcome the limitation of O 2 diffusion and provide rapid and advanced wound healing. [ 129 ]…”

“…Infected skin model [ 128] MB with hydrogel Endothelial cells It could promote O 2 diffusion and accelerate wound healing - [ 129] Dual drug-loaded bilayer nanofibrous sponge-like 3D scaffold…”

“…[128] Combining microbubble therapy with tissue engineering has recently become an infusive new endeavor, where the use of microbubble with hydrogel can overcome the limitation of O 2 diffusion and provide rapid and advanced wound healing. [129] Apart from ECs, another type of cells known as pericytes are necessary for angiogenesis. Pericytes surround vascular ECs and perform functions, such as creating a vascular barrier to bacteria, regulating blood flow, and disrupting and stabilizing the microvascular system.…”

The promising shadow of microbubble over medical sciences: from fighting wide scope of prevalence disease to cancer eradication

“…The use of microbubbles in the field of medicine is now very promising and brilliant. Microbubbles or small spherical-shaped gas bubbles consist of phospholipids or environmentally friendly polymers are very small in size to approximately the size of red blood cells and are used in several forms in the biomedical field, including diagnostic loads, as drug carriers, and as a gene transporter in conjunction with the US [ 42 – 46 ]. Microbubbles have many fruitful uses in screening/diagnostic equipment [ 47 – 49 ], ophthalmology [ 50 , 51 ], dentistry [ 52 , 53 ], surgery [ 54 ], pharmacy [ 55 ], cardiovascular disease [ 56 ], inner ear drug delivery [ 57 ], brain delivery [ 58 ], renal diseases [ 59 ], cancer [ 60 , 61 ] and so on.…”

Microbubble Generation in Organic Solvents by Porous Membranes with Different Membrane Wettabilities

“…Microbubbles have been widely used in water treatment, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industry − due to their small volume, long residence time, large specific surface, self-compression, negatively charged surface, and bioactivity effect. Microbubbles can significantly improve the efficiency of catalytic oxidization due to a large specific surface and the induced production of the hydroxyl radical, which have been utilized in the field of wastewater treatment and soil bioremediation. − Furthermore, microbubbles have high potential applications in hydrogenation , and oxidation. , Mase et al achieved the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes using a microbubble strategy, which highly improved the gas concentration in liquid-phase reactions.…”