Integration of methyldibenzothiophene and pyrolysis techniques to determine thermal maturity in sulfur-rich Type II-S source rocks and oils

Srinivasan, Poorna; Jacobi, David; Atwah, Ibrahim; Karg, Harald; Azzouni, Abdul-Hameed

doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2021.104333

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Firstly, the biomarkers and aromatic maturity parameters need to be converted to generally accepted vitrinite reflectances (%R o ). The %R o cutoff values for maturity windows vary in the literature (Dow, 1977;Lewan, 1987;Dembicki, 2009;Srinivasan et al, 2022). The following %Ro cutoff values are used in this study: 0.25-0.5 for immature, 0.5-0.7 for early oil window, 0.7-1.0 for peak oil window, 1.0-1.35 for late oil window, 1.35-2.0 for condensate/wet gas window, and 2.0 and above for dry gas window (Lewan, 1983).…”

Section: Charging and Mixing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, there is a direct relationship between aromatic molecular maturity parameters and equivalent %R o values. Six equations (for Eqs 1-6) for calculating the equivalent %R o are adopted based on the relationship between multiple %R o values and MDR (Jarvie et al, 2001;Wust et al, 2013;Evenick, 2021;Lohr and Hackley, 2021;Srinivasan et al, 2022). In order to more accurately assess the oil maturity, the six equivalent %R o values are averaged to obtain the final equivalent % R o .…”

Section: Charging and Mixing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical properties variation of crude oil under natural laboratory and its geological implications: Dongying Sag, eastern China

et al. 2023

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The Dongying Sag in eastern China is a mature exploration area and contains a wide variety of accumulations ranging from extra heavy oil to light oil. This multi-source lacustrine rift basin provides meaningful insights into the relationships between organofacies, maturity, charging, mixing, and oil properties. The Es3 source rocks are in the immature to mid-mature stage, while the Es4 source rocks are in the immature to late mature stage. Among them, Es4 source rocks were deposited in an anoxic, stratified, brackish water environment. Based on the kinetic model, it appears that the oil generation rate of Es4 source rocks is higher than that of Es3 source rocks, and the oil generation time of Es4 source rocks was earlier than that of Es3 source rocks. Whether in Es4 or Es3 members, source rocks with the kerogen type I have the greatest oil yield compared with other kerogens. The variations in oil physical and geochemical properties can be attributed to differences in organofacies and thermal maturity, which is in agreement with the results of source rock geochemistry and macerals analysis. Because the concentrations of maturity-related biomarkers or non-biomarkers show several orders of magnitude variation across maturity windows, these maturity parameters do not reliably characterize the maturity signals in mixed oil scenarios. Maturity parameters based on biomarker ratios can produce biases that overemphasize the contribution of low maturity oils and thus track the signals of low maturity end-member oils. In contrast, maturity parameters based on aromatic isomers are more sensitive to mixing processes and reflect the mixing degree of the accumulated oils. The same series of maturity parameters can track hydrocarbon migration pathways and relative maturity, while multiple series of maturity parameters can reconstruct hydrocarbon charging and mixing histories.

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Section: Charging and Mixing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Charging and Mixing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical properties variation of crude oil under natural laboratory and its geological implications: Dongying Sag, eastern China

et al. 2023

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“…According to Hughes et al (1995), sulfur-rich source rock and oils typically show a DBT/Phen ratio higher than 1, which positively correlated with the measured total sulfur content in crude oils. The DBT/Phen ratio has been shown to remain unaffected by thermal maturity as determined by pyrolysis and molecular geochemistry approaches (Srinivasan et al, 2022). Second, oils produced from the Woodford and Mississippian rocks are, broadly speaking, sweet crudes with minimal hydrogen sulfide content.…”

Section: Petroleum Generation In Mississippian Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petroleum generation kinetics of unconventional Mississippian mudrocks in central Oklahoma, United States

Atwah¹,

Sweet

2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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The Mississippian mudrocks of central Oklahoma, USA, encompass hydrocarbon-rich unconventional reservoirs. Many factors control the success of hydrocarbon producibility from the Sooner Trend oilfield, Anadarko Basin, and Canadian and Kingfisher Counties (“STACK”) play in Oklahoma, including rock mineralogy, thermal maturity, and organic richness. Petroleum sourcing in these Mississippian reservoirs is complex, encompassing multiple hydrocarbon charges from different source rocks in addition to the Woodford Shale. Therefore, determining petroleum generation kinetic parameters for Mississippian mudrocks is crucial to understand the thermal maturation and associated hydrocarbon fluid types, which can ultimately aid in identifying the “sweet spot”. This investigation presents the first experimental evidence of petroleum generation kinetics for the Mississippian mudrocks in central Oklahoma. Here, core samples collected from Lincoln County, central Oklahoma, were examined for petroleum generation kinetics using a hydrous pyrolysis reactor. Generated pyrolysate products were then examined for key molecular parameters in comparison with produced crude oils. The results from the hydrous pyrolysis experiments and corresponding Arrhenius plots suggest slightly higher reaction rates for hydrocarbons generated from the Mississippian mudrocks compared to the Woodford Shale. These reaction rates result in lower activation energy and frequency factor values for the Mississippian mudrocks when compared to the Woodford Shale. Molecular signatures from pyrolysate oils match with Mississippian sourced crude oils with a predominance of lower and extended tricyclic terpane biomarkers. The geological implications of the determined kinetics suggest that Mississippian petroleum source rocks can generate oil and gas at lower temperatures compared to the Woodford Shale. The low kinetic parameters of Mississippian rocks are postulated due to organic-matter structure co-occurring as infused amorphinite and bituminite within the mineral matrix. The large surface area between the macerals and the mineral matrix could increase the reactivity, with clays acting as catalysts for petroleum generation.

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Practical Guide for Petroleum Source Rock Interpretation

Ghassal

Mutairi

Atfy

2022

Advances in Science, Technology &Amp; Innovation

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Integration of methyldibenzothiophene and pyrolysis techniques to determine thermal maturity in sulfur-rich Type II-S source rocks and oils

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Physical properties variation of crude oil under natural laboratory and its geological implications: Dongying Sag, eastern China

Physical properties variation of crude oil under natural laboratory and its geological implications: Dongying Sag, eastern China

Petroleum generation kinetics of unconventional Mississippian mudrocks in central Oklahoma, United States

Practical Guide for Petroleum Source Rock Interpretation

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