Integration of lncRNA and mRNA profiles to reveal the protective effects of <i>Codonopsis pilosula</i> extract on the gastrointestinal tract of mice subjected to D‑galactose‑induced aging

Meng, Jie; Li, Jiajia; Chen, Dongmei; Kang, Jiachao; Huang, Yong; Li, Dandan; Duan, Yun-you; Wang, Jing

doi:10.3892/ijmm.2020.4834

“…The pharmacological activity of TCM polysaccharides is obvious, among which CP polysaccharides can protect gastric tissue, increase pepsin activity and excretion, increase intestinal peristalsis, and promote digestion. Its mechanism can increase the activity of SOD in serum and tissue, decrease the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and tissue, regulate the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in gastric tissue, and protect gastric tissue [ 23 ]. In addition to the above effects, CP can also prolong the sleep time caused by ether and pentobarbital sodium, strengthen the antistress ability of mice, but also have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect and Mechanism of New Processing Method of Codonopsis pilosula on Endocrine Physique Index in Rats

Gong

¹

,

Hu

²

2022

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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Objective. To explore the effect and mechanism of a new processing method of Codonopsis pilosula (CP) on the endocrine physique index in rats. Methods. The rats were randomly assigned into the control group, model group, CP group (3.75 g/kg crude drug), rice-fried CP group (3.75 g/kg crude drug), and honey-roasted CP group (3.75 g/kg), with 10 rats in each group. All rats were gavaged according to the body weight of 1 mL/100 g every morning for 3 weeks. The water extracts of different processed products of CP were given to the drug group, the blank group, and the model group which were given the same volume of normal saline during the experiment. The model group and each administration group were fed every other day and drank freely for 21 days, during which the weight was weighed every 2 days. The changes of the organ index; the contents of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol (Cor); and the activity of sodium and potassium adenosine triphosphate (Na+K+-ATP) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and aquaporin-2 (AQP2) mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Results. Effect on the organ index: the organ index of the control group, CP group, rice-fried group, and honey moxibustion group was higher compared to that of the model group, and the organ index of the honey moxibustion group was the highest ( P < 0.05 ). The level of cAMP and the ratio of cAMP/cGMP in the model group were significantly higher compared to those of the control group ( P < 0.05 ); CGMP in the model group decreased significantly ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the model group, the level of cAMP in the CP group, rice-fried group, and honey moxibustion group decreased significantly, while the ratio of cGMP and cAMP/cGMP increased significantly ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the CP group, rice-fried group, and honey moxibustion group, the level of cAMP and the ratio of cAMP/cGMP in the honey moxibustion group were lower compared to those in the other two groups, and the ratio of cGMP in the honey moxibustion group was higher compared to that in the other two groups ( P < 0.05 ). The contents of ACTH and Cor in the model group were significantly higher compared to those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the model group, the contents of ACTH and Cor in the CP group, rice-fried group, and honey moxibustion group were significantly lower compared to those in the model group ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the CP group, rice-fried group, and honey moxibustion group, the contents of ACTH and Cor in the honey moxibustion group were higher compared to those in the other two groups ( P < 0.05 ). The content of the Na+K+-ATP enzyme in the model group was significantly higher compared to that in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the model group, the content of the Na+K+-ATP enzyme in the CP group, rice-fried group, and honey moxibustion group decreased significantly ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the CP group, rice-fried group, and honey moxibustion group, the content of the Na+K+-ATP enzyme in the honey moxibustion group was higher compared to that in the other two groups ( P < 0.05 ). The expression of AQP1 and AQP2 mRNA in the kidney tissue of the kidney yin deficiency model group was significantly higher compared to that of the control group ( P < 0 05 ). Compared with the model group, the expression levels of AQP1 and AQP2 mRNA in the renal tissue of rats in the CP group, rice-fried group, and honey moxibustion group decreased in different degrees ( P < 0.05 ). There was no statistical difference between the CP group, rice stir-frying group, and honey moxibustion group. Conclusion. This study proves that the new processing method of CP can improve the endocrine physique index of rats, enhance their organ quality, and regulate the disorder of water metabolism in kidney yin deficiency syndrome and has a certain therapeutic effect on kidney yin deficiency syndrome. Different new processing methods of CP have different effects on promoting endocrine physique indexes of rats. It is concluded that honey-roasted CP has the best effect on promoting spleen deficiency, which may be through glucose metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism, increasing ATP energy metabolism, so as to strengthen the symptoms of spleen deficiency in rats. The experimental data of this study indicate that the effect of honey-roasted CP is better compared to that of other processed products, which provides an experimental basis for the rational clinical application of the new processed products.

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“…Among them, Codonopsis and Astragalus enter the spleen and lung meridian, can nourish the spleen and lung, and nourish blood and body fluid. Codonopsis glycosides, Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides and trace elements, and other pharmacological components can enhance immunity and hematopoietic function and improve learning memory and digestive functions [ 18 ]; the pharmacological components of Astragalus extract can improve the material metabolism of the endocrine system (hypothalamus-pituitary-protein synthesis, lowering blood sugar) and can increase the expression of IGF to promote the growth rate of rats [ 19 ]. Kumble enters the liver and kidney meridians, and the iodine contained in it plays a key role in the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Clinical Study on the Treatment of Children’s Short Stature with Auxiliary Comprehensive Management Combined with Growth Patch

Feng

¹

,

Zhao

²

,

Yu

³

et al. 2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Objective. To explore the clinical effect of auxiliary comprehensive management combined with growth patch in the treatment of childhood idiopathic short stature (ISS). Methods. From September 2017 to December 2019, 120 children with ISS who met the selection criteria were collected. Random number table method divided them into 2 groups: one group was given auxiliary comprehensive management and recorded as the routine group (n = 60), and the other group was given auxiliary comprehensive management and combined growth patch treatment and recorded as the combination group (n = 60). The course of treatment was 12 months. The effects of the two methods on children’s height, bone age, body weight, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 levels were compared. Results. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in baseline height, genetic height, baseline bone age, baseline body weight, and body weight before and after treatment ( P > 0.05 ). After treatment, the heights of the two groups were higher than before for the same group, the height growth values and predicted adult height of the combination group were higher than those of the routine group, and the predicted adult height of the combination group was higher than the genetic height of the same group P < 0.001 . There was no statistical difference in IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels before treatment between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ). The levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 after treatment in the two groups were higher than those in the same group before treatment, and the combination group was higher than that in the routine group ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. On the basis of auxiliary comprehensive management, combined with growth patch for the treatment of children with ISS, it can effectively increase the height of the children, improve the levels of serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3, and have significant clinical effects, which is beneficial to the healthy growth of the children.

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“…CPE is a derivative of herbal medicines used to treat gastrointestinal and allergic diseases due to its anti-aging and anti-allergic effects [15,44]. However, whether CPE can protect melanocytes from oxidative stress remains unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Codonopsis pilosula Extract Protects Melanocytes against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress by Activating Autophagy

Cho

¹

2021

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Recently, as the anti-aging role of melanin in the skin and the inhibition of melanin production has been identified, the development of materials capable of maintaining skin homeostasis has been attracting attention. In this study, we further investigated the anti-melanogenic effect of Codonopsis pilosula extract (CPE) and, under oxidative stress, the cytoprotective effect in Melan-a melanocytes exposed to H2O2. First, CPE treatment significantly reduced melanin production by inhibiting melanogenesis-associated proteins, including microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP 2), as a result of the phosphorylation of MAPK/JNK in Melan-a cells. Next, to investigate the protective effects of the CPE on oxidative-stress-induced skin injury and its molecular mechanism, we determined the effect of CPE after inducing oxidative stress by exposing melanocytes to H2O2. CPE protected cells from H2O2-induced cytotoxicity by reducing the expression of the gene encoding the Bax pro-apoptotic protein, whereas it induced the genes encoding the B-cell lymphoma 3 (Bcl2) family and MITF, which is a transcriptional regulator that promotes melanocyte differentiation. Furthermore, our results show that CPE enhanced the production of autophagy-related proteins such as Beclin-1 and light chain 3 (LC3) II; this was substantially reversed by 3-methyladenin (MA, an autophagy inhibitor) pretreatment. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that CPE treatment exhibits not only an anti-melanogenic effect in normal melanocytes, but also a cytoprotective effect in melanocytes subjected to oxidative stress by inducing autophagy and MITF expression. Therefore, we believe that CPE is a potent candidate for cell maintenance in melanocytes.

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Integration of lncRNA and mRNA profiles to reveal the protective effects of Codonopsis pilosula extract on the gastrointestinal tract of mice subjected to D‑galactose‑induced aging

Cited by 14 publications

References 51 publications

The Effect and Mechanism of New Processing Method of Codonopsis pilosula on Endocrine Physique Index in Rats

The Effect and Mechanism of New Processing Method of Codonopsis pilosula on Endocrine Physique Index in Rats

A Clinical Study on the Treatment of Children’s Short Stature with Auxiliary Comprehensive Management Combined with Growth Patch

Codonopsis pilosula Extract Protects Melanocytes against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress by Activating Autophagy

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