Integration of Linear Dynamic Emission and Climate Models with Air Traffic Simulations

Sridhar, Banavar; Ng, Hok K.; Chen, Neil Y.

doi:10.2514/6.2012-4756

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Due to the strong dependency of non-CO 2 -emission's climate impact on locus and time of emission, climate-optimized trajectories are considered as potential measure in order to reduce aviation induced climate impact [7,24,[147][148][149]. However, avoiding regions, characterized by high specific climate impact with regard to aircraft emissions, is related to raising costs caused by detours and off-design altitudes [150].…”

Section: Tactical Operational Measures: Eco-efficient Flight Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating the Climate Impact from Aviation: Achievements and Results of the DLR WeCare Project

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The WeCare project (Utilizing Weather information for Climate efficient and eco efficient future aviation), an internal project of the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt, DLR), aimed at finding solutions for reducing the climate impact of aviation based on an improved understanding of the atmospheric impact from aviation by making use of measurements and modeling approaches. WeCare made some important contributions to advance the scientific understanding in the area of atmospheric and air transportation research. We characterize contrail properties, show that the aircraft type significantly influences these properties, and how contrail-cirrus interacts with natural cirrus. Aviation NO x emissions lead to ozone formation and we show that the strength of the ozone enhancement varies, depending on where within a weather pattern NO x is emitted. These results, in combination with results on the effects of aerosol emissions on low cloud properties, give a revised view on the total radiative forcing of aviation. The assessment of a fleet of strut-braced wing aircraft with an open rotor is investigated and reveals the potential to significantly reduce the climate impact. Intermediate stop operations have the potential to significantly reduce fuel consumption. However, we find that, if only optimized for fuel use, they will have an increased climate impact, since non-CO 2 effects compensate the reduced warming from CO 2 savings. Avoiding climate sensitive regions has a large potential in reducing climate impact at relatively low costs. Taking advantage of a full 3D optimization has a much better eco-efficiency than lateral re-routings, only. The implementation of such operational measures requires many more considerations. Non-CO 2 aviation effects are not considered in international agreements. We showed that climate-optimal routing could be achieved, if market-based measures were in place, which include these non-CO 2 effects. An alternative measure to foster climate-optimal routing is the closing of air spaces, which are very climate-sensitive. Although less effective than an unconstrained optimization with respect to climate, it still has a significant potential to reduce the climate impact of aviation. By combining atmospheric and air transportation research, we assess climate mitigation measures, aiming at providing information to aviation stakeholders and policy-makers to make aviation more climate compatible.

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Section: Tactical Operational Measures: Eco-efficient Flight Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating the Climate Impact from Aviation: Achievements and Results of the DLR WeCare Project

et al. 2017

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“…The sustained absolute global temperature change potential (SAGTP) is often used to indicate the degree of greenhouse effect, and the SAGTP of contrails [27] can be obtained by integrating R(τ) over a period of time between τ = 0 and τ = a:…”

Section: (4) Contrail Cost (C C ) Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cruise Flight Performance Optimization for Minimizing Green Direct Operating Cost

Tian

Wan

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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To cope with the environmental impact of aviation and pollution problems in the future, airlines need to assess environmental impacts and offer countermeasures in advance. In order to measure the influence of environment on the airlines’ operational costs, this paper establishes an aircraft green direct operating cost (GDOC) model to quantify adverse environmental effects, such as air pollution and greenhouse effects, into the direct operating cost (DOC). Furthermore, fuel consumption, flight time, and distance in the cruising stage account for about 80% of the entire flight mission, and optimizing cruise flight performance can contribute greatly to reduce GDOC. Therefore, this paper sets up an optimal control model to minimize GDOC, establishes a discrete time dynamic system for optimizing the cruise altitude and speed profiles, and searches the optimal results by using dynamic programming. Besides, as meteorological conditions affect aircraft aerodynamics, fuel flow rate, contrail formation, and so on, this paper analyzes meteorological uncertainty by using historic meteorological data. Finally, a route is selected as an example, and the rationality of the optimal results is proven by comparing GDOC with DOC. The results and discussion of the numerical test also show that environmental effects on aircraft operation can be reduced significantly by adopting GDOC as the optimization objective, especially the contrail cost, and the step-climb cruise mode can further reduce GDOC effectively.

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“…The climate response models for aircraft CO 2 emission and contrails were developed in a previous study. 10 The climate impact of aircraft NO X emission is modeled similarly and presented in this study. Section IIA introduces AGTP as the climate metric used in this study for assessing aviation-induced global warming.…”

Section: Linear Climate Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aircraft Trajectory Design Based on Reducing the Combined Effects of Carbon-Di-Oxide, Oxides of Nitrogen and Contrails

Sridhar

Chen

2014

AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference

Self Cite

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Aircraft operations need to meet the combined requirements of safety, efficiency, capacity and reduced environmental impact. Aircraft routes can be made efficient by flying wind optimal routes. However, the desire to reduce the impact of aviation emissions and contrails may result in trajectories, which deviate from wind optimal trajectories leading to extra fuel use. The lifetime associated with different emissions and contrails varies from a few hours to several hundred years. The impact of certain gases depends on the amount and location of the emission, and the decision-making horizon, in years, when the impact is estimated. The Absolute Global Temperature Potential (AGTP) is used as a metric to measure the combined effects of emissions and contrails. This paper extends earlier work by the authors to include the effect of oxides of nitrogen in the development of aircraft trajectories to reduce the combined effects of carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen (NO X ) and contrails. The methodology is applied to air traffic in the continental US. The paper shows the trade-offs between reducing emissions and the cost of extra fuel using a fuel sensitivity index, defined as the reduction in AGTP per kg of fuel. The paper shows the performance of the optimization strategy for decision intervals of 10, 25 and 100 years. Based on the simplified models, the inclusion of NO X emissions has a slight influence on the minimal climate impact trajectories when the decision horizons are around 25 years.

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Integration of Linear Dynamic Emission and Climate Models with Air Traffic Simulations

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Mitigating the Climate Impact from Aviation: Achievements and Results of the DLR WeCare Project

Mitigating the Climate Impact from Aviation: Achievements and Results of the DLR WeCare Project

Cruise Flight Performance Optimization for Minimizing Green Direct Operating Cost

Aircraft Trajectory Design Based on Reducing the Combined Effects of Carbon-Di-Oxide, Oxides of Nitrogen and Contrails

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